Ullmann R K, Sleator E K
Clin Pediatr (Phila). 1986 Dec;25(12):594-9. doi: 10.1177/000992288602501201.
The responses to methylphenidate of 118 children with attention deficit disorder (ADD) were studied under double-blind conditions. Three distinct types of response to medication and placebo were found, as determined by teacher ratings. One group, called "responders," improved dramatically in attention and hyperactivity ratings on active medication but showed essentially no change from baseline when on placebo. The group called "nonresponders" showed minimal change in ratings on either placebo or medication. The third group, "placebo responders," showed almost as much improvement as the responders on medication, but their ratings were not very different from medication ratings during the placebo trial. The placebo responders, 18 percent of the group, would have been considered responders in a nonplacebo-controlled study. Double-blind placebo evaluation of ADD children can and should be done by practitioners to avoid medicating children who are responding to nonspecific effects of drugs.
在双盲条件下，对118名患有注意力缺陷障碍（ADD）的儿童对哌甲酯的反应进行了研究。根据教师评分，发现了三种对药物和安慰剂截然不同的反应类型。一组被称为“反应者”，服用活性药物时注意力和多动评分显著改善，但服用安慰剂时与基线相比基本没有变化。被称为“无反应者”的组在安慰剂或药物治疗下评分变化极小。第三组“安慰剂反应者”在服用药物时的改善程度几乎与反应者相同，但在安慰剂试验期间他们的评分与药物治疗评分差异不大。该组中有18%的安慰剂反应者，在非安慰剂对照研究中会被视为反应者。ADD儿童的双盲安慰剂评估可以而且应该由从业者进行，以避免给对药物非特异性效应有反应的儿童用药。
