Singh Law Kumar, Garg Hitendra, Khanna Munish
Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Sharda University , Greater Noida, India.
Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Hindustan College of Science and Technology, Mathura, India.
Multimed Tools Appl. 2022;81(19):27737-27781. doi: 10.1007/s11042-022-12826-y. Epub 2022 Mar 28.
Glaucoma is the dominant reason for irreversible blindness worldwide, and its best remedy is early and timely detection. Optical coherence tomography has come to be the most commonly used imaging modality in detecting glaucomatous damage in recent years. Deep Learning using Optical Coherence Tomography Modality helps in predicting glaucoma more accurately and less tediously. This experimental study aims to perform glaucoma prediction using eight different ImageNet models from Optical Coherence Tomography of Glaucoma. A thorough investigation is performed to evaluate these models' performances on various efficiency metrics, which will help discover the best performing model. Every net is tested on three different optimizers, namely Adam, Root Mean Squared Propagation, and Stochastic Gradient Descent, to find the best relevant results. An attempt has been made to improvise the performance of models using transfer learning and fine-tuning. The work presented in this study was initially trained and tested on a private database that consists of 4220 images (2110 normal optical coherence tomography and 2110 glaucoma optical coherence tomography). Based on the results, the four best-performing models are shortlisted. Later, these models are tested on the well-recognized standard public Mendeley dataset. Experimental results illustrate that VGG16 using the Root Mean Squared Propagation Optimizer attains auspicious performance with 95.68% accuracy. The proposed work concludes that different ImageNet models are a good alternative as a computer-based automatic glaucoma screening system. This fully automated system has a lot of potential to tell the difference between normal Optical Coherence Tomography and glaucomatous Optical Coherence Tomography automatically. The proposed system helps in efficiently detecting this retinal infection in suspected patients for better diagnosis to avoid vision loss and also decreases senior ophthalmologists' (experts) precious time and involvement.
青光眼是全球不可逆失明的主要原因,其最佳治疗方法是早期及时检测。近年来,光学相干断层扫描已成为检测青光眼损伤最常用的成像方式。使用光学相干断层扫描方式的深度学习有助于更准确、更轻松地预测青光眼。本实验研究旨在使用来自青光眼光学相干断层扫描的八种不同的ImageNet模型进行青光眼预测。进行了全面调查,以评估这些模型在各种效率指标上的性能,这将有助于发现性能最佳的模型。每个网络都在三种不同的优化器上进行测试,即Adam、均方根传播和随机梯度下降,以找到最佳相关结果。已尝试使用迁移学习和微调来提高模型的性能。本研究中提出的工作最初在一个包含4220张图像的私有数据库上进行训练和测试(2110张正常光学相干断层扫描图像和2110张青光眼光学相干断层扫描图像)。根据结果,选出了四个性能最佳的模型。随后,这些模型在公认的标准公共Mendeley数据集上进行测试。实验结果表明,使用均方根传播优化器的VGG16模型取得了良好的性能,准确率为95.68%。所提出的工作得出结论,不同的ImageNet模型作为基于计算机的自动青光眼筛查系统是一个很好的选择。这个全自动系统有很大潜力自动区分正常光学相干断层扫描和青光眼光学相干断层扫描。所提出的系统有助于有效地检测疑似患者的这种视网膜感染,以进行更好的诊断,避免视力丧失,还减少了资深眼科医生(专家)的宝贵时间和参与度。