School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China.
PLoS One. 2022 Apr 6;17(4):e0265015. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0265015. eCollection 2022.
Forest ecosystems are crucial to the survival and development of human societies. Urbanization is expected to impact forest landscape patterns and consequently the supply of forest ecosystem services. However, the specific ways by which such impacts manifest are unclear. Therefore, to discuss the relationship between them is of great significance for realizing regional sustainable development. Here, we quantitatively assess the intensity of forest ecosystem service functions and forest landscape patterns in Renqiu City of China's Hebei Province in 2019 using ArcGIS and FRAGSTATS. We characterize the relationships between forest ecosystem service capacity and landscape patterns, and identify strategies for the spatial optimization of forests. We find that the ecosystem service intensity of forests are significantly correlated with their spatial distribution, forest area ratio, and landscape patterns. Specifically, the percentage of landscape (PLAND) index, landscape shape index (LSI), and contagion (CONTAG) index indices display second-order polynomial relationships with various forest ecosystem service functions, with critical values of 80, 5, and 70, respectively. We propose that forest ecosystem functions can be optimized by optimizing forest landscape patterns. Specifically, to maximize the function of forest ecosystem services, managers should consider the integrity of forest ecosystems, optimize their ability to self-succession, repair service functions of key nodes within forests, enhance forests' structural stability, optimize forest quality and community structure, and strengthen the efficiency of functional transformation per unit area. Finally, we propose a strategy for the spatial optimization of forests in Renqiu to optimize their associated ecosystem services. This involves protecting important areas for forest ecosystems, rationally organizing different ecological patches such as forests and water bodies to maximize their functions, strengthening the connectivity of scattered forests, and supplementing woodland areas.
森林生态系统对人类社会的生存和发展至关重要。城市化预计将影响森林景观格局，进而影响森林生态系统服务的供给。然而，具体的影响方式尚不清楚。因此，讨论它们之间的关系对于实现区域可持续发展具有重要意义。在这里，我们使用 ArcGIS 和 FRAGSTATS 对 2019 年中国河北省任丘市的森林生态系统服务功能强度和森林景观格局进行了定量评估。我们描述了森林生态系统服务能力与景观格局之间的关系，并确定了森林空间优化策略。我们发现，森林生态系统服务强度与其空间分布、森林面积比例和景观格局显著相关。具体而言，景观百分比（PLAND）指数、景观形状指数（LSI）和蔓延度（CONTAG）指数与各种森林生态系统服务功能呈二阶多项式关系，其临界值分别为 80、5 和 70。我们提出可以通过优化森林景观格局来优化森林生态系统功能。具体来说，为了最大限度地发挥森林生态系统服务功能，管理者应考虑森林生态系统的完整性，优化其自我延续能力，修复森林内部关键节点的服务功能，增强森林结构稳定性，优化森林质量和群落结构，并提高单位面积的功能转化效率。最后，我们提出了任丘市森林空间优化策略，以优化其相关生态系统服务。这涉及保护森林生态系统的重要区域，合理组织森林和水体等不同生态斑块，以最大限度地发挥其功能，加强分散森林的连通性，并补充林地面积。
