Department of Cardiology, Changzhou Jintan First People's Hospital, Changzhou City, Jiangsu Province, 213200, People's Republic of China.
Department of Health Management, Centre of General Practice, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan City, Guangdong Province, 528000, People's Republic of China.
Drug Des Devel Ther. 2022 Mar 30;16:951-972. doi: 10.2147/DDDT.S347297. eCollection 2022.
The COVID-19 has plunged the world into a pandemic that affected millions. The continually emerging new variants of concern raise the question as to whether the existing vaccines will continue to provide sufficient protection for individuals from SARS-CoV-2 during natural infection. This narrative review aims to briefly outline various immunotherapeutic options and discuss the potential of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR Cas system technology against COVID-19 treatment as specific cure. As the development of vaccine, convalescent plasma, neutralizing antibodies are based on the understanding of human immune responses against SARS-CoV-2, boosting human body immune responses in case of SARS-CoV-2 infection, immunotherapeutics seem feasible as specific cure against COVID-19 if the present challenges are overcome. In cell based therapeutics, apart from the high costs, risks and side effects, there are technical problems such as the production of sufficient potent immune cells and antibodies under limited time to treat the COVID-19 patients in mild conditions prior to progression into a more severe case. The CRISPR Cas technology could be utilized to refine the specificity and safety of CAR-T cells, CAR-NK cells and neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 during various stages of the COVID-19 disease progression in infected individuals. Moreover, CRISPR Cas technology are proposed in hypotheses to degrade the viral RNA in order to terminate the infection caused by SARS-CoV-2. Thus personalized cocktails of immunotherapeutics and CRISPR Cas systems against COVID-19 as a strategy might prevent further disease progression and circumvent immunity escape.
新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID-19）已在全球范围内引发大流行，影响了数百万人。不断出现的新关注变异株引发了一个问题，即现有的疫苗是否将继续为个体在自然感染 SARS-CoV-2 期间提供足够的保护。本综述旨在简要概述各种免疫治疗选择，并讨论簇状规律间隔短回文重复（CRISPR Cas）系统技术针对 COVID-19 治疗作为特定治疗的潜力。随着疫苗、恢复期血浆、中和抗体的发展都是基于对人类针对 SARS-CoV-2 免疫反应的理解，在 SARS-CoV-2 感染的情况下增强人体免疫反应，免疫疗法似乎可以作为针对 COVID-19 的特定治疗方法，如果克服了目前的挑战。在细胞治疗方面，除了高成本、风险和副作用外，还有技术问题，例如在有限的时间内生产足够数量的有效免疫细胞和抗体，以在 COVID-19 患者病情进展为更严重的病例之前，治疗轻度患者。CRISPR Cas 技术可用于在感染个体中 SARS-CoV-2 疾病进展的各个阶段，提高针对 SARS-CoV-2 的 CAR-T 细胞、CAR-NK 细胞和中和抗体的特异性和安全性。此外，还提出了 CRISPR Cas 技术假设来降解病毒 RNA，以终止由 SARS-CoV-2 引起的感染。因此，针对 COVID-19 的个性化免疫治疗和 CRISPR Cas 系统鸡尾酒疗法可能是一种策略，可以防止疾病进一步进展并规避免疫逃逸。
