Nutrition and Dietetics Programme, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, 16150, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
Department of Reproductive Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, 229899, Singapore.
BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2022 Apr 6;22(1):294. doi: 10.1186/s12884-022-04616-z.
Women's diet and nutritional status during pregnancy are important in influencing birth outcomes. We conducted a systematic scoping review of the best available evidence regarding dietary intake of Malaysian pregnant women, and the associations of maternal diet, anthropometry, and nutrition-related co-morbidities with the infant's birth weight (IBW). The study objectives were to examine: (1) the adequacy of micronutrient intake among pregnant women; and (2) the association of maternal factors (anthropometry, diet, plasma glucose and blood pressure) during pregnancy with IBW.
Eleven search engines such as Proquest, EbscoHost, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Science Direct, Wiley Online Library, PubMed, Google Scholar, MyJournal, BookSC and Inter Library Loan with Medical Library Group were extensively searched to identify the primary articles. Three reviewers independently screened the abstracts and full articles based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Extracted data included details about the population characteristics, study methods and key findings related to the review objectives. Seventeen studies published from 1972 to 2021 were included, following the PRISMA-ScR guideline.
Studies showed that maternal micronutrient intakes including calcium, iron, vitamin D, folic acid, and niacin fell short of the national recommendations. Increased maternal fruit intake was also associated with increased birth weight. Factors associated with fetal macrosomia included high pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI), excess gestational weight gain (GWG) and high blood glucose levels. Low pre-pregnancy BMI, inadequate GWG, intake of confectioneries and condiments, and high blood pressure were associated with low birth weight.
This review identified several factors such as the mother's food habits, comorbidities, BMI and gestational weight gain as the determinants of low birth weight. This implies that emphasis should be given on maternal health and nutrition for the birth outcome.
女性在怀孕期间的饮食和营养状况对生育结果有重要影响。我们对马来西亚孕妇饮食摄入的最佳现有证据进行了系统的范围界定审查，并评估了母体饮食、人体测量学和与营养相关的合并症与婴儿出生体重（IBW）之间的关联。本研究的目的是检查：（1）孕妇微量营养素摄入的充足性；（2）妊娠期间母体因素（人体测量学、饮食、血糖和血压）与 IBW 的关系。
广泛检索了 11 个搜索引擎，如 Proquest、EbscoHost、Scopus、Cochrane Library、Science Direct、Wiley Online Library、PubMed、Google Scholar、MyJournal、BookSC 和 Inter Library Loan 与 Medical Library Group，以确定主要文章。三位评审员根据纳入和排除标准独立筛选摘要和全文。提取的数据包括有关人群特征、研究方法和与审查目标相关的关键发现的详细信息。根据 PRISMA-ScR 指南，共纳入了 17 项发表于 1972 年至 2021 年的研究。
研究表明，母体微量营养素摄入，包括钙、铁、维生素 D、叶酸和烟酰胺，低于国家建议量。增加水果摄入也与增加出生体重有关。与胎儿巨大儿相关的因素包括高孕前体重指数（BMI）、妊娠体重增加过多（GWG）和高血糖水平。低孕前 BMI、GWG 不足、食用甜食和调味品以及高血压与低出生体重有关。
本综述确定了一些因素，如母亲的饮食习惯、合并症、BMI 和妊娠体重增加，这些都是低出生体重的决定因素。这意味着应该强调产妇健康和营养对生育结果的重要性。
