Department of Botany, Rani Lakshmi Bai Central Agricultural University, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh.
Department Genetics and Plant Breeding, Banda University of Agriculture and Technology, Banda, Uttar Pradesh, India.
PLoS One. 2022 Apr 7;17(4):e0261569. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0261569. eCollection 2022.
Brassica juncea L. is a significant member of the Brassicaceae family, also known as Indian mustard. Water is a limiting factor in the successful production of this crop. Here, we tested the effect of water shortage in B. juncea plants supplemented with or without the application of silicon and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in total 8 different treatments compared under open filed conditions using a randomised complete block design (RCBD). The treatments under control conditions were control (C, T1); C+Silicon (Si, T2); C+My (Mycorrhiza; T3); and C+Si+My (T4). In contrast, treatments under stress conditions were S (Stress; T5); S+Si (T6); S+My (T7) and S+Si+My (T8), respectively. In total, we evaluated 16 traits, including plant response to stress by evaluating peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) activity. The fresh weight (g) increased only 7.47 percent with mycorrhiza (C+My) and 22.39 percent with silicon (C+Si) but increased 291.08 percent with both mycorrhiza and silicon (C+Si+My). Using mycorrhiza (S+My) or silicon (S+Si) alone produced a significant increase of 53.16 percent and 55.84 percent in fresh weight, respectively, while using both mycorrhiza and silicon (S+Si+My) together produced a dramatic increase of 380.71 percent under stress conditions. Superoxidase dismutase concentration (Ug-1 FW) was found to be increased by 29.48 percent, 6.71 percent, and 22.63 percent after applying C+My, C+Si and C+Si+My, but treatment under stress revealed some contrasting trends, with an increase of 11.21 percent and 19.77 percent for S+My, S+Si+My, but a decrease of 13.15 percent for S+Si. Finally, in the presence of stress, carotenoid content (mg/g FW) increased by 58.06 percent, 54.83 percent, 183.87 percent with C+My, and 23.81 percent with S+My and S+Si+My, but decreased by 22.22 percent with S+Si. Silicon application proved to be more effective than AMF treatment with Rhizophagus irregularis, and the best results were obtained with the combination of Si and AMF. This work will help to suggest the measures to overcome the water stress in B. juncea.
芥菜（Brassica juncea L.）是十字花科的重要成员，也被称为印度芥菜。水是成功种植这种作物的限制因素。在这里，我们在田间条件下使用随机完全区组设计（RCBD）比较了 8 种不同处理方式下的水短缺对芥菜植株的影响，这些处理方式包括对照（C，T1）；C+硅（Si，T2）；C+菌根真菌（Mycorrhiza，T3）；和 C+Si+My（T4）。相比之下，胁迫条件下的处理方式分别为 S（胁迫；T5）；S+Si（T6）；S+My（T7）和 S+Si+My（T8）。总共评估了 16 种性状，包括通过评估过氧化物酶（POD）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性来评估植物对胁迫的反应。用菌根真菌（C+My）和硅（C+Si）处理后，鲜重（g）分别仅增加了 7.47%和 22.39%，但用菌根真菌和硅（C+Si+My）处理后增加了 291.08%。单独使用菌根真菌（S+My）或硅（S+Si）分别使鲜重显著增加了 53.16%和 55.84%，而在胁迫条件下同时使用菌根真菌和硅（S+Si+My）则使鲜重显著增加了 380.71%。超氧化物歧化酶浓度（Ug-1 FW）在施用 C+My、C+Si 和 C+Si+My 后分别增加了 29.48%、6.71%和 22.63%，但胁迫处理显示出一些相反的趋势，S+My、S+Si+My 分别增加了 11.21%和 19.77%，而 S+Si 则减少了 13.15%。最后，在胁迫条件下，类胡萝卜素含量（mg/g FW）分别增加了 58.06%、54.83%、183.87%，用 C+My 处理增加了 23.81%，用 S+My 和 S+Si+My 处理增加了 22.22%，但用 S+Si 处理减少了 22.22%。硅的应用比丛枝菌根真菌（Rhizophagus irregularis）处理更有效，而 Si 和 AMF 的组合效果最好。这项工作将有助于提出克服芥菜水分胁迫的措施。
