Physicians for Human Rights, Boston, USA.
Georgetown University School of Medicine, 3900 Reservoir Road, NW, Washington, DC, 20057, USA.
BMC Public Health. 2022 Apr 9;22(1):700. doi: 10.1186/s12889-022-13038-7.
In August 2017, a large population of Rohingya from northern Rakhine state in Myanmar fled to Bangladesh due to "clearance operations" by the Myanmar security forces characterized by widespread and systematic violence, including extensive conflict-related sexual violence (CRSV). This study sought to document the patterns of injuries and conditions experienced by the Rohingya, with a specific focus on sexual violence.
Qualitative interviews were conducted with 26 health care professionals who cared for Rohingya refugees after their arrival in Bangladesh between November 2019 and August 2020.
Health care workers universally reported hearing accounts and seeing evidence of sexual and gender-based violence committed against Rohingya people of all genders by the Myanmar military and security forces. They observed physical and psychological consequences of such acts against the Rohingya while patients were seeking care. Health care workers shared that patients faced pressure not to disclose their experiences of CRSV, likely resulted in an underreporting of the prevalence of sexual violence. Forced witnessing of sexual violence and observed increases in pregnancy and birth rates as a result of rape are two less-reported issues that emerged from these data.
Healthcare workers corroborated previous reports that the Rohingya experienced CRSV at the hands of the Myanmar military and security forces. Survivors often revealed their experiences of sexual violence while seeking care for a variety of physical and psychological conditions. Stigma, cultural pressure, and trauma created barriers to disclosing experiences of sexual violence and likely resulted in an underreporting of the prevalence of sexual violence. The findings of this research emphasize the importance of offering universal and comprehensive trauma-informed services to all refugees with the presumption of high rates of trauma in this population and many survivors who may never identify themselves as such.
2017 年 8 月，由于缅甸安全部队开展的“清剿行动”，来自缅甸若开邦北部的大量罗兴亚人逃往孟加拉国。该行动的特点是广泛和系统的暴力行为，包括广泛的与冲突有关的性暴力（CRSV）。本研究旨在记录罗兴亚人所经历的伤害和疾病模式，特别是性暴力。
2019 年 11 月至 2020 年 8 月期间，对 26 名在孟加拉国照顾罗兴亚难民的医疗保健专业人员进行了定性访谈。
医疗保健工作者普遍报告说，听到过并看到过缅甸军队和安全部队对罗兴亚男女实施性暴力和性别暴力的行为。他们在为罗兴亚人提供护理时观察到这些行为对他们造成的身心后果。医疗保健工作者表示，患者面临着不披露 CRSV 经历的压力，这可能导致性暴力的报告率较低。被迫目睹性暴力以及强奸导致的怀孕和出生率上升是这些数据中报告较少的两个问题。
医疗保健工作者证实了之前的报告，即罗兴亚人遭受了缅甸军队和安全部队的 CRSV。幸存者在寻求治疗各种身体和心理疾病的同时，经常透露他们遭受性暴力的经历。耻辱感、文化压力和创伤是披露性暴力经历的障碍，这可能导致性暴力的报告率较低。本研究的结果强调了为所有难民提供普遍和全面的创伤知情服务的重要性，因为这个群体中的大多数难民可能都曾遭受过创伤，而许多幸存者可能从未认为自己是受害者。
