Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka- 1207, Bangladesh.
Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
Curr Med Chem. 2022;29(32):5289-5314. doi: 10.2174/0929867329666220408102051.
Dementia and frailty increase health adversities in older adults, which are topics of growing research interest. Frailty is considered to correspond to a biological syndrome associated with age. Frail patients may ultimately develop multiple dysfunctions across several systems, including stroke, transient ischemic attack, vascular dementia, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, frontotemporal dementia, dementia with Lewy bodies, cortico-basal degeneration, multiple system atrophy, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. Patients with dementia and frailty often develop malnutrition and weight loss. Rigorous nutritional, pharmacological, and non-pharmacological interventions generally are required for these patients, which is a challenging issue for healthcare providers. A healthy diet and lifestyle instigated at an early age can reduce the risk of frailty and dementia. For optimal treatment, accurate diagnosis involving clinical evaluation, cognitive screening, essential laboratory evaluation, structural imaging, functional neuroimaging, and neuropsychological testing is necessary. Diagnosis procedures best apply the clinical diagnosis, identifying the cause(s) and the condition(s) appropriate for treatment. The patient's history, caregiver's interview, physical examination, cognitive evaluation, laboratory tests, and structural imaging should best be involved in the diagnostic process. Varying types of physical exercise can aid the treatment of these disorders. Nutrition maintenance is a particularly significant factor, such as exceptionally high-calorie dietary supplements and a Mediterranean diet to support weight gain. The core purpose of this article is to investigate trends in the management of dementia and frailty, focusing on improving diagnosis and treatment. Substantial evidence builds the consensus that a combination of balanced nutrition and good physical activity is an integral part of treatment. Notably, more evidence-based medicine knowledge is required.
痴呆症和衰弱症会增加老年人的健康不良事件，这些都是越来越受到关注的研究课题。衰弱被认为与年龄相关的生物综合征相对应。衰弱的患者可能最终会在多个系统中出现多种功能障碍，包括中风、短暂性脑缺血发作、血管性痴呆、帕金森病、阿尔茨海默病、额颞叶痴呆、路易体痴呆、皮质基底节变性、多系统萎缩、肌萎缩侧索硬化症和克雅氏病。患有痴呆症和衰弱症的患者通常会出现营养不良和体重减轻。这些患者通常需要严格的营养、药物和非药物干预，这是医疗保健提供者面临的一个挑战。年轻时养成健康的饮食和生活方式可以降低患痴呆症和衰弱症的风险。为了获得最佳治疗效果，需要进行准确的诊断，包括临床评估、认知筛查、基本实验室评估、结构成像、功能神经影像学和神经心理学测试。诊断程序最好采用临床诊断，确定适合治疗的病因和病情。患者的病史、护理人员的访谈、体格检查、认知评估、实验室检查和结构成像最好都应纳入诊断过程。各种类型的体育锻炼都可以辅助这些疾病的治疗。营养维持是一个特别重要的因素，例如特别高卡路里的膳食补充剂和地中海饮食以支持体重增加。本文的核心目的是研究痴呆症和衰弱症管理的趋势，重点是改善诊断和治疗。大量证据表明，平衡营养和良好的身体活动相结合是治疗的一个组成部分。值得注意的是，需要更多的循证医学知识。
