Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong 4381, Bangladesh.
Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2022 Aug 22;2022:3201644. doi: 10.1155/2022/3201644. eCollection 2022.
Based on the diverse physiological influence, the impact of glial cells has become much more evident on neurological illnesses, resulting in the origins of many diseases appearing to be more convoluted than previously happened. Since neurological disorders are often random and unknown, hence the construction of animal models is difficult to build, representing a small fraction of people with a gene mutation. As a result, an immediate necessity is grown to work within in vitro techniques for examining these illnesses. As the scientific community recognizes cell-autonomous contributions to a variety of central nervous system illnesses, therapeutic techniques involving stem cells for treating neurological diseases are gaining traction. The use of stem cells derived from a variety of sources is increasingly being used to replace both neuronal and glial tissue. The brain's energy demands necessitate the reliance of neurons on glial cells in order for it to function properly. Furthermore, glial cells have diverse functions in terms of regulating their own metabolic activities, as well as collaborating with neurons via secreted signaling or guidance molecules, forming a complex network of neuron-glial connections in health and sickness. Emerging data reveals that metabolic changes in glial cells can cause morphological and functional changes in conjunction with neuronal dysfunction under disease situations, highlighting the importance of neuron-glia interactions in the pathophysiology of neurological illnesses. In this context, it is required to improve our understanding of disease mechanisms and create potential novel therapeutics. According to research, synaptic malfunction is one of the features of various mental diseases, and glial cells are acting as key ingredients not only in synapse formation, growth, and plasticity but also in neuroinflammation and synaptic homeostasis which creates critical physiological capacity in the focused sensory system. The goal of this review article is to elaborate state-of-the-art information on a few glial cell types situated in the central nervous system (CNS) and highlight their role in the onset and progression of neurological disorders.
基于其多样化的生理影响，神经胶质细胞对神经疾病的影响变得更加明显，导致许多疾病的起源似乎比以前更加复杂。由于神经紊乱通常是随机的和未知的，因此构建动物模型是困难的，只有一小部分基因突变的人可以构建。因此，迫切需要在体外技术中研究这些疾病。由于科学界认识到细胞自主性对多种中枢神经系统疾病的贡献，涉及干细胞治疗神经疾病的治疗技术正在受到关注。越来越多地使用各种来源的干细胞来替代神经元和神经胶质组织。大脑的能量需求需要神经元依赖于神经胶质细胞才能正常运作。此外，神经胶质细胞在调节自身代谢活动方面具有多种功能，并且通过分泌信号或指导分子与神经元协作，在健康和疾病状态下形成神经元-神经胶质连接的复杂网络。新出现的数据表明，在疾病情况下，神经胶质细胞的代谢变化可以与神经元功能障碍一起引起形态和功能变化，突出了神经元-神经胶质相互作用在神经疾病病理生理学中的重要性。在这种情况下，需要提高我们对疾病机制的理解并创造潜在的新疗法。根据研究，突触功能障碍是各种精神疾病的特征之一，神经胶质细胞不仅是突触形成、生长和可塑性的关键成分，而且在神经炎症和突触稳态中也起着关键作用，这为聚焦感觉系统创造了关键的生理能力。本文综述的目的是阐述位于中枢神经系统 (CNS) 中的几种神经胶质细胞类型的最新信息，并强调它们在神经疾病的发生和进展中的作用。
