Khiralla Afra, Mohammed Aisha Ohag, Yagi Sakina
Botany Department, Faculty of Science and Technology, Shendi University, P.O. Box 142, Shendi, Sudan.
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science Al-Zulfi, Majmaah University, Al-Zulfi, Saudi Arabia.
Mycol Prog. 2022;21(3):38. doi: 10.1007/s11557-022-01790-4. Epub 2022 Apr 4.
Perylenequinones (PQs) are aromatic polyketides with an oxidized pentacyclic core that make up a family of natural compounds. Naturally occurring PQs mostly are produced by phytopathogenic fungi, with few aphides, crinoids, and plants. PQs, also known as photosensitizers, absorb light energy which empowers them to produce reactive oxygen species that damage host cells. Therefore, PQs gained a considerable interest in pharmaceutical application notably in photodynamic therapy. This review presents a comprehensive overview of fungal PQs. Their occurrence, categorization, biosynthesis, structures, and bioactivities are all discussed in detail. After that, an analysis outlines their distribution across the kingdom of fungi. A total of 66 fungal PQs have been described from 22 ascomycete genera (, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , and ). account for the majority of documented fungal PQs (82%), followed by (14%), (3%), and (1%). Herein, five families , , , , and are highlighted as potential sources of novel PQs due to their diversity. The review intends to pique bioprospectors' interest in fungal PQs. Indeed, the pharmaceutical and agrochemical industries might gain greatly by exploiting fungal perylenequinones. Graphical abstract.
苝醌类化合物（PQs）是一类具有氧化五环核心的芳香族聚酮化合物，它们构成了一个天然化合物家族。天然存在的PQs大多由植物致病真菌产生，少数由蚜虫、海百合和植物产生。PQs也被称为光敏剂，能够吸收光能，进而产生可损害宿主细胞的活性氧。因此，PQs在药物应用尤其是光动力疗法中引起了广泛关注。本文综述对真菌产生的PQs进行了全面概述。详细讨论了它们的存在、分类、生物合成、结构和生物活性。之后，分析概述了它们在真菌界的分布情况。目前已从22个子囊菌属（，，，，，，，，，，，，，，，，，，和）中描述了总共66种真菌产生的PQs。占已记录的真菌产生的PQs的大部分（82%），其次是（14%）,（3%）和（1%）。在此，由于其多样性，五个家族，，，，和被重点强调为新型PQs的潜在来源。本综述旨在激发生物勘探者对真菌产生的PQs的兴趣。实际上，制药和农用化学品行业通过开发真菌苝醌类化合物可能会获得巨大收益。图形摘要。
