Cavallaro Valeria, Pellegrino Alessandra, Muleo Rosario, Forgione Ivano
Institute of BioEconomy (IBE), National Research Council of Italy, 95126 Catania, Italy.
Tree Physiology and Fruit Crop Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy.
Plants (Basel). 2022 Mar 22;11(7):844. doi: 10.3390/plants11070844.
Plant tissue cultures depend entirely upon artificial light sources for illumination. The illumination should provide light in the appropriate regions of the electromagnetic spectrum for photomorphogenic responses and photosynthetic metabolism. Controlling light quality, irradiances and photoperiod enables the production of plants with desired characteristics. Moreover, significant money savings may be achieved using both more appropriate and less consuming energy lamps. In this review, the attention will be focused on the effects of light characteristics and plant growth regulators on shoot proliferation, the main process in in vitro propagation. The effects of the light spectrum on the balance of endogenous growth regulators will also be presented. For each light spectrum, the effects on proliferation but also on plantlet quality, i.e., shoot length, fresh and dry weight and photosynthesis, have been also analyzed. Even if a huge amount of literature is available on the effects of light on in vitro proliferation, the results are often conflicting. In fact, a lot of exogenous and endogenous factors, but also the lack of a common protocol, make it difficult to choose the most effective light spectrum for each of the large number of species. However, some general issues derived from the analysis of the literature are discussed.
植物组织培养完全依赖人工光源进行光照。这种光照应在电磁光谱的适当区域提供光线，以实现光形态建成反应和光合代谢。控制光质、辐照度和光周期能够培育出具有所需特性的植物。此外，使用更合适且耗能更低的灯具可大幅节省资金。在本综述中，注意力将集中在光特性和植物生长调节剂对芽增殖（离体繁殖的主要过程）的影响上。还将阐述光谱对内源生长调节剂平衡的影响。对于每种光谱，也分析了其对增殖以及对植株质量（即芽长度、鲜重和干重以及光合作用）的影响。即便关于光对离体增殖影响的文献数量众多，但其结果往往相互矛盾。事实上，诸多外源和内源因素，以及缺乏通用方案，使得为大量物种中的每一种选择最有效的光谱变得困难。然而，本文讨论了从文献分析中得出的一些普遍问题。
