Mukaddam Khaled, Astasov-Frauenhoffer Monika, Fasler-Kan Elizaveta, Marot Laurent, Kisiel Marcin, Steiner Roland, Sanchez Fabien, Meyer Ernst, Köser Joachim, Bornstein Michael M, Kühl Sebastian
Department of Oral Surgery, University Center for Dental Medicine Basel (UZB), University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 40, 4058 Basel, Switzerland.
Department Research, University Center for Dental Medicine Basel (UZB), University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 40, 4058 Basel, Switzerland.
Nanomaterials (Basel). 2022 Mar 24;12(7):1065. doi: 10.3390/nano12071065.
AIM(S): The aim of the study was to fabricate a nanospike surface on a titanium alloy surface using a newly established method of low-energy helium ion bombardment. Various methods to achieve nanospike formation on titanium have been introduced recently, and their antibacterial properties have been mainly investigated with respect to and . Oral pathogens such as play an important role in the development of peri-implantitis. For that reason, the antibacterial properties of the novel, nanostructured titanium surface against were assessed, and a possible effect on the viability of gingival fibroblasts was evaluated.
Helium sputtering was employed for developing titanium surfaces with nanospikes of 500 nm (ND) in height; commercially available smooth-machined (MD) and sandblasted and acid-etched titanium disks (SLA) were used as controls. Surface structure characterization was performed through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Following incubation with , antibacterial properties were determined via conventional culturing and SEM. Additionally, the viability of human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) was tested through MTT assay, and cell morphology was assessed through SEM.
SEM images confirmed the successful establishment of a nanospike surface with required heights, albeit with heterogeneity. AFM images of the 500 nm nanospike surface revealed that the roughness is dominated by large-scale hills and valleys. For frame sizes of 5 × 5 μm and smaller, the average roughness is dominated by the height of the titanium spikes. ND successfully induces dysmorphisms within cultures following the incubation period, while conventional culturing reveals a 17% and 20% reduction for ND compared to MD and SLA, respectively. Moreover, the nanospike surfaces did not affect the viability of human growth fibroblasts despite their sharp surface.
CONCLUSION(S): This study successfully developed a novel titanium-nanospike-based structuration technique for titanium surfaces. In addition, the nanospikes did not hinder gingival fibroblast viability. Enhanced antimicrobial effects for such a novel nanospike-based resurfacing technique can be achieved through further optimizations for nanospike spacing and height parameters.
本研究的目的是使用一种新建立的低能氦离子轰击方法在钛合金表面制备纳米尖峰表面。最近已经介绍了各种在钛上实现纳米尖峰形成的方法，并且主要针对[具体内容缺失]研究了它们的抗菌性能。诸如[具体口腔病原体缺失]等口腔病原体在种植体周围炎的发展中起重要作用。因此，评估了新型纳米结构钛表面对[具体内容缺失]的抗菌性能，并评估了对牙龈成纤维细胞活力的可能影响。
采用氦溅射法制备高度为500nm（ND）的纳米尖峰钛表面；使用市售的光滑加工（MD）以及喷砂和酸蚀钛盘（SLA）作为对照。通过扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和原子力显微镜（AFM）进行表面结构表征。在与[具体内容缺失]孵育后，通过传统培养和SEM测定抗菌性能。此外，通过MTT法测试人牙龈成纤维细胞（HGFs）的活力，并通过SEM评估细胞形态。
SEM图像证实成功建立了具有所需高度的纳米尖峰表面，尽管存在异质性。500nm纳米尖峰表面的AFM图像显示粗糙度主要由大规模的山丘和山谷主导。对于5×5μm及更小的框架尺寸，平均粗糙度主要由钛尖峰的高度主导。孵育期后，ND成功诱导[具体内容缺失]培养物中的形态异常，而传统培养显示与MD和SLA相比，ND分别降低了17%和20%。此外，纳米尖峰表面尽管表面尖锐，但并未影响人生长成纤维细胞的活力。
本研究成功开发了一种用于钛表面的新型基于钛纳米尖峰的结构化技术。此外，纳米尖峰并不妨碍牙龈成纤维细胞的活力。通过对纳米尖峰间距和高度参数的进一步优化，可以实现这种新型基于纳米尖峰的表面重铺技术的增强抗菌效果。
