Tanaka Manabu, Izumiya Makoto, Haniu Hisao, Ueda Katsuya, Ma Chuang, Ueshiba Koki, Ideta Hirokazu, Sobajima Atsushi, Uchiyama Shigeharu, Takahashi Jun, Saito Naoto
Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Okaya City Hospital, 4-11-33 Honcho, Okaya, Nagano 394-8512, Japan.
Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan.
Nanomaterials (Basel). 2022 Apr 2;12(7):1195. doi: 10.3390/nano12071195.
Nanomaterials show great promise as bone regeneration materials. They can be used as fillers to strengthen bone regeneration scaffolds, or employed in their natural form as carriers for drug delivery systems. A variety of experiments have been conducted to evaluate the osteogenic potential of bone regeneration materials. In vivo, such materials are commonly tested in animal bone defect models to assess their bone regeneration potential. From an ethical standpoint, however, animal experiments should be minimized. A standardized in vitro strategy for this purpose is desirable, but at present, the results of studies conducted under a wide variety of conditions have all been evaluated equally. This review will first briefly introduce several bone regeneration reports on nanomaterials and the nanosize-derived caveats of evaluations in such studies. Then, experimental techniques (in vivo and in vitro), types of cells, culture media, fetal bovine serum, and additives will be described, with specific examples of the risks of various culture conditions leading to erroneous conclusions in biomaterial analysis. We hope that this review will create a better understanding of the evaluation of biomaterials, including nanomaterials for bone regeneration, and lead to the development of versatile assessment methods that can be widely used in biomaterial development.
纳米材料作为骨再生材料展现出巨大的潜力。它们可以用作增强骨再生支架的填充剂，或者以其天然形式用作药物递送系统的载体。已经进行了各种实验来评估骨再生材料的成骨潜力。在体内，此类材料通常在动物骨缺损模型中进行测试，以评估其骨再生潜力。然而，从伦理角度来看，动物实验应尽量减少。为此，需要一种标准化的体外策略，但目前，在各种条件下进行的研究结果都得到了同等的评估。本综述将首先简要介绍几篇关于纳米材料的骨再生报告以及此类研究中纳米尺寸导致的评估注意事项。然后，将描述实验技术（体内和体外）、细胞类型、培养基、胎牛血清和添加剂，并举例说明各种培养条件导致生物材料分析得出错误结论的风险。我们希望本综述能让人们更好地理解生物材料的评估，包括用于骨再生的纳米材料，并推动开发可广泛应用于生物材料开发的通用评估方法。
