Liu Daniel S K, Yang Qi Zhi Clayton, Asim Mohammad, Krell Jonathan, Frampton Adam E
Division of Cancer, Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0HS, UK.
Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7WG, UK.
Int J Mol Sci. 2022 Mar 28;23(7):3692. doi: 10.3390/ijms23073692.
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are important for intercellular signalling in multi-cellular organisms. However, the role of mature transfer RNAs (tRNAs) and tRNA fragments in EVs has yet to be characterised. This systematic review aimed to identify up-to-date literature on tRNAs present within human EVs and explores their potential clinical significance in health and disease. A comprehensive and systematic literature search was performed, and the study was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. Electronic databases MEDLINE and EMBASE were searched up until 1 January 2022. From 685 papers, 60 studies were identified for analysis. The majority of papers reviewed focussed on the role of EV tRNAs in cancers (31.7%), with numerous other conditions represented. Blood and cell lines were the most common EV sources, representing 85.9% of protocols used. EV isolation methods included most known methods, precipitation being the most common (49.3%). The proportion of EV tRNAs was highly variable, ranging between 0.04% to >95% depending on tissue source. EV tRNAs are present in a multitude of sources and show promise as disease markers in breast cancer, gastrointestinal cancers, and other diseases. EV tRNA research is an emerging field, with increasing numbers of papers highlighting novel methodologies for tRNA and tRNA fragment discovery.
细胞外囊泡（EVs）在多细胞生物的细胞间信号传导中起着重要作用。然而，成熟转运RNA（tRNAs）和tRNA片段在细胞外囊泡中的作用尚未得到明确界定。本系统综述旨在识别关于人类细胞外囊泡中存在的tRNAs的最新文献，并探讨它们在健康和疾病中的潜在临床意义。进行了全面而系统的文献检索，该研究是按照PRISMA指南进行的。检索了电子数据库MEDLINE和EMBASE，截至2022年1月1日。从685篇论文中，确定了60项研究进行分析。大多数综述论文聚焦于细胞外囊泡tRNAs在癌症中的作用（31.7%），还涉及许多其他病症。血液和细胞系是最常见的细胞外囊泡来源，占所使用方案的85.9%。细胞外囊泡分离方法包括了大多数已知方法，沉淀法最为常见（49.3%）。细胞外囊泡tRNAs的比例变化很大，根据组织来源在0.04%至>95%之间。细胞外囊泡tRNAs存在于多种来源中，在乳腺癌、胃肠道癌症和其他疾病中作为疾病标志物显示出前景。细胞外囊泡tRNA研究是一个新兴领域，越来越多的论文强调了用于tRNA和tRNA片段发现的新方法。
