Aust Fabienne, Beneke Theresa, Peifer Corinna, Wekenborg Magdalena
Research Group Work and Health, Department of Psychology, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany.
Department of Biological Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Mar 24;19(7):3865. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19073865.
In today's performance-oriented society, burnout symptoms, defined as consequences of chronic work stress, are an increasing problem. To counteract this development, the important aims are (1) to find protective and modifiable factors that reduce the risk of developing and harboring burnout symptoms and (2) to understand the underlying mechanisms. A phenomenon potentially furthering both aims is flow experience. Based on the earlier literature, we developed a psycho-physiological "Flow-Burnout-Model", which postulates positive or negative associations between flow and burnout symptoms, depending on the prevailing situational and personal conditions.
To test our Flow-Burnout-Model, we conducted a systematic literature search encompassing flow and burnout symptoms. Eighteen empirical studies met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed.
The findings of the systematic review as a whole suggest a negative association between flow and burnout symptoms, both cross-sectional and longitudinal. According to the findings from longitudinal studies, flow can be interpreted as a protective factor against burnout symptoms, and burnout symptoms can be interpreted as a factor inhibiting flow. In our conclusion, we maintain the assumption of a bidirectional association between flow and burnout symptoms in the Flow-Burnout-Model but modify the initially suggested positive and negative associations between flow and burnout symptoms towards a predominantly negative relationship.
Mindful of the heterogeneous findings of earlier studies, the resulting comprehensive Flow-Burnout-Model will lay the foundations for future hypothesis-based research. This includes physiological mechanisms explaining the relationship between flow and burnout symptoms, and likewise, the conditions of their longitudinal association.
在当今这个注重绩效的社会中，职业倦怠症状作为长期工作压力的后果，正成为一个日益严重的问题。为应对这一发展趋势，重要目标在于：（1）找出能够降低职业倦怠症状发生和持续风险的保护性且可改变的因素；（2）理解其潜在机制。一种可能有助于实现这两个目标的现象是心流体验。基于早期文献，我们构建了一个心理生理层面的“心流 - 职业倦怠模型”，该模型假定心流与职业倦怠症状之间存在正向或负向关联，具体取决于当时的情境和个人状况。
为检验我们的“心流 - 职业倦怠模型”，我们对包含心流和职业倦怠症状的文献进行了系统检索。18项实证研究符合纳入标准并被分析。
整体系统评价结果表明，无论是横断面研究还是纵向研究，心流与职业倦怠症状之间均呈负相关。根据纵向研究结果，心流可被视为预防职业倦怠症状的保护因素，而职业倦怠症状可被视为抑制心流的因素。在我们的结论中，我们维持“心流 - 职业倦怠模型”中心流与职业倦怠症状双向关联的假设，但将最初提出的心流与职业倦怠症状之间的正向和负向关联修改为主要呈负向关系。
鉴于早期研究结果的异质性，由此得出的综合“心流 - 职业倦怠模型”将为未来基于假设的研究奠定基础。这包括解释心流与职业倦怠症状之间关系的生理机制，以及它们纵向关联的条件。
