Hohnemann Charlotte, Engel Florian, Peifer Corinna, Diestel Stefan
Work, Organizational, and Business Psychology, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany.
Work and Organizational Psychology, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany.
Front Psychol. 2024 Jul 15;15:1385372. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1385372. eCollection 2024.
Despite numerous papers focusing on mindfulness at work, our knowledge about how flow experience and stress as indicators of optimal functioning and wellbeing at work evolve over time during the common mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) program remains limited. Drawing from the transactional model of flow and stress, we argue that a build-up of mindfulness over the training duration not only leads to a decrease in stress but also an increase in flow experience. Thereby, we examine the moderating role of emotional exhaustion amplifying the beneficial effects of mindfulness.
In a quasi-experimental study, 91 participants completed weekly questionnaires over the course of 8 weeks. Forty six participants in the experimental group took part in the MBSR program, while 45 participants were part of an inactive control group.
Mindfulness and flow showed a significant linear increase over time, whereas stress exhibited a linear decrease. Those who participated in the MBSR training reported an increase in mindfulness that positively and negatively predicted the trajectories of flow and stress, respectively. Emotional exhaustion amplified the effects of the trajectory of mindfulness on the trajectories of flow and stress.
These findings suggest that mindfulness can not only reduce stress but can also foster the autotelic experience of flow, especially for chronically depleted individuals. However, more research is necessary to replicate these results and address the limitations of the current study, including the quasi-experimental design, the use of self-report measures, as well as the dropout during the study period.
尽管有大量论文关注工作中的正念，但我们对于在常见的基于正念的减压（MBSR）项目中，作为工作中最佳功能和幸福感指标的心流体验和压力如何随时间演变的了解仍然有限。基于心流和压力的交易模型，我们认为在训练期间正念的积累不仅会导致压力的降低，还会带来心流体验的增加。因此，我们研究了情绪耗竭在放大正念有益效果方面的调节作用。
在一项准实验研究中，91名参与者在8周的时间里每周完成问卷调查。实验组的46名参与者参加了MBSR项目，而45名参与者是无活动对照组的一部分。
正念和心流随时间呈显著线性增加，而压力呈线性下降。参加MBSR训练的人报告说正念有所增加，这分别正向和负向预测了心流和压力的轨迹。情绪耗竭放大了正念轨迹对心流和压力轨迹的影响。
这些发现表明，正念不仅可以减轻压力，还可以促进心流的自足体验，特别是对于长期精力耗尽的个体。然而，需要更多的研究来重复这些结果并解决当前研究的局限性，包括准实验设计、自我报告测量方法的使用以及研究期间的退出情况。
