International Centre for Reproductive Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
Department of Psychology, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Apr 1;19(7):4221. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19074221.
Some (minority) groups (MGs) are more vulnerable to sexual violence (SV) exposure than others. Othering-based stress (OBS) may mediate the relationship between minority identification and SV. This study aims to assess the prevalence of SV in different MGs to explore the relationship between minority identification and SV, to investigate whether belonging to multiple MGs moderates this relationship, and to explore OBS SV moderation for different MGs.
Through an online survey administered to a nationally representative sample in Belgium, data was collected from 4632 persons, of whom 21.01% self-identified as belonging to a MG (SI-Minority). SV prevalence was measured using behaviorally specific questions based on the WHO definition of SV. SI-Minority participants received an additional scale on OBS.
SI-Minority participants reported more SV victimization compared to the non-minorities. However, this increased risk was not moderated by minority identification but linked to the socio-demographic SV risk markers common to minority individuals. Multiple-minority participants were found more at risk of SV compared to single-minority respondents. Lesbian, gay, bisexual, pan-/omnisexual, asexual, and other non-heterosexual (LGB+) participants were found more at risk than heterosexual participants. OBS was found to be significantly correlated to SV in sexual and gender minorities and in cultural minorities.
This study contributes to our understanding of the relationship between minority identification, OBS, and SV. Studying both specific and common SV vulnerabilities and outcomes within specific societal subgroups and the general population may inform policy makers when allocating resources to those interventions with the largest societal impact.
一些（少数）群体（MGs）比其他群体更容易遭受性暴力（SV）的暴露。基于他者的压力（OBS）可能会调节少数群体认同与 SV 之间的关系。本研究旨在评估不同少数群体中 SV 的流行率，以探讨少数群体认同与 SV 之间的关系，研究属于多个少数群体是否会调节这种关系，并探讨 OBS 在不同少数群体中的 SV 调节作用。
通过在比利时进行的一项全国代表性样本的在线调查，从 4632 人中收集了数据，其中 21.01%自我认同为属于少数群体（SI-少数群体）。SV 的流行率通过基于世卫组织 SV 定义的行为特定问题来衡量。SI-少数群体参与者接受了关于 OBS 的额外量表。
与非少数群体相比，SI-少数群体参与者报告了更多的 SV 受害情况。然而，这种风险增加并不是由少数群体认同调节的，而是与少数群体个体共有的社会人口 SV 风险标志物有关。与单一少数群体受访者相比，多少数群体参与者发现更易遭受 SV。同性恋、双性恋、泛性恋/全性恋、无性恋和其他非异性恋（LGB+）参与者比异性恋参与者发现更易遭受 SV。OBS 被发现与性和性别少数群体以及文化少数群体中的 SV 显著相关。
本研究有助于我们理解少数群体认同、OBS 和 SV 之间的关系。在特定社会亚群体和一般人群中研究特定和共同的 SV 脆弱性和结果，可以为政策制定者在分配资源用于对社会影响最大的干预措施时提供信息。
