在比利时居住的国际保护申请人的受害情况：性暴力和求助行为。
Victimization of Applicants for International Protection Residing in Belgium: Sexual Violence and Help-Seeking Behavior.
机构信息
International Centre for Reproductive Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
Department of Psychiatry, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
出版信息
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Oct 8;19(19):12889. doi: 10.3390/ijerph191912889.
BACKGROUND
Sexual violence (SV) literature on applicants for international protection (AIPs) shows that they are at high risk of victimization. The study objectives are to provide an exploratory overview of the occurrence of SV in AIPs in Belgium and their help-seeking behavior (HSB). This overview is crucial to develop prevention strategies and care paths focusing on providing adequate care to AIP SV victims in Belgium.
METHODS
Quantitative data from structured interviews with AIPs ( = 62) triangulated with qualitative data from in-depth interviews with AIP SV victims ( = 11) served to explore the nature and impact of SV in AIPs in Belgium and their HSB.
RESULTS
A total of 83.9% of respondents have experienced SV. A total of 61.3% were victimized within the past year. Victimization seems more gender-balanced than in the general population. AIPs link SV to their legal status and their associated vulnerable situation. HSB upon SV was very limited in this sample. Help-seeking barriers interfering with the decision-making process to consult (in)formal resources were identified.
CONCLUSIONS
AIPs in Belgium are at high risk of SV. Despite the impact of SV on AIPs' lives, HSB upon SV is rare. The provision of age-appropriate sexual education and development of policies that will reduce help-seeking barriers is needed.
背景
有关国际保护申请人（AIP）的性暴力（SV）文献表明，他们面临着很高的受害风险。本研究旨在对比利时 AIP 中 SV 的发生情况及其求助行为（HSB）进行探索性概述。这种概述对于制定预防战略和护理路径至关重要，重点是为比利时的 AIP SV 受害者提供适当的护理。
方法
使用结构化访谈对 AIP（n=62）进行定量数据收集，并结合对 AIP SV 受害者（n=11）的深入访谈进行定性数据收集，以此来探索比利时 AIP 中 SV 的性质和影响，以及他们的 HSB。
结果
共有 83.9%的受访者曾经历过 SV。共有 61.3%的受访者在过去一年中遭受过侵害。与一般人群相比，受害者的性别似乎更为均衡。AIP 将 SV 与他们的法律地位及其相关的弱势处境联系起来。在这个样本中，SV 后的 HSB 非常有限。确定了一些求助障碍，这些障碍干扰了咨询（正式和非正式）资源的决策过程。
结论
比利时的 AIP 面临着很高的 SV 风险。尽管 SV 对 AIP 生活产生了影响，但 SV 后的 HSB 却很少。需要提供适合年龄的性教育，并制定减少求助障碍的政策。
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