Centre for Research in Psychology and Sports Science, De Havilland Campus, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield AL10 9EU, UK.
Centre for Health Services and Clinical Research, De Havilland Campus, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield AL10 9EU, UK.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Apr 3;19(7):4288. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19074288.
Bodybuilders routinely engage in many dietary and other practices purported to be harmful to kidney health. The development of acute kidney injury, focal segmental glomerular sclerosis (FSGS) and nephrocalcinosis may be particular risks. There is little evidence that high-protein diets and moderate creatine supplementation pose risks to individuals with normal kidney function though long-term high protein intake in those with underlying impairment of kidney function is inadvisable. The links between anabolic androgenic steroid use and FSGS are stronger, and there are undoubted dangers of nephrocalcinosis in those taking high doses of vitamins A, D and E. Dehydrating practices, including diuretic misuse, and NSAID use also carry potential risks. It is difficult to predict the effects of multiple practices carried out in concert. Investigations into subclinical kidney damage associated with these practices have rarely been undertaken. Future research is warranted to identify the clinical and subclinical harm associated with individual practices and combinations to enable appropriate and timely advice.
健美运动员经常采用许多据称对肾脏健康有害的饮食和其他方法。急性肾损伤、局灶节段性肾小球硬化症（FSGS）和肾钙质沉着症的发展可能是特别的风险。虽然长期高蛋白摄入对肾功能受损者是不可取的，但高蛋白饮食和适度肌酸补充剂对肾功能正常的个体是否构成风险，证据甚少。合成代谢雄激素类药物的使用与 FSGS 之间的联系更为紧密，而大剂量使用维生素 A、D 和 E 确实会导致肾钙质沉着症的危险。脱水的做法，包括利尿剂的滥用和 NSAID 的使用也存在潜在的风险。很难预测多种做法同时进行的效果。很少有研究调查与这些做法相关的亚临床肾脏损伤。有必要进行未来的研究，以确定与个别做法和组合相关的临床和亚临床危害，从而提供适当和及时的建议。
