Bai Qian, Pan Zhenjie, Nabi Ghulam, Rashid Farooq, Liu Yang, Khan Suliman
Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450000, Henan, China.
The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450000, Henan, China.
Am J Cancer Res. 2022 Mar 15;12(3):961-973. eCollection 2022.
Cancer of the thyroid is the most common endocrine malignancy. While treatment options are limited for individuals with medullary or anaplastic thyroid cancer, understanding the underlying mechanisms is vital to developing a successful thyroid cancer treatment strategy due to the tumor's multistep carcinogenesis. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have been associated with thyroid cancer progression in several recent studies; however, the role of regulatory interactions among different types of ncRNAs in thyroid cancer remains unclear. Recently, competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) has been discovered as a mechanism demonstrating regulatory interactions among non-coding RNAs, including pseudogenes, long non-coding RNAs (lnRNAs), circular RNAs (circRNAs), and microRNAs (miRNAs). It has been concluded from the literature that numerous ceRNA networks are deregulated during the development, invasion, and metastasis of thyroid cancer, as well as in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and drug resistance. Further understanding of these deregulations is important to develop diagnostic procedures for early detection of thyroid cancer and promising therapeutic options for effective treatment. The purpose of this review is to highlight the emerging roles of some newly found ceRNA members in thyroid cancer and outline the current body of knowledge regarding ceRNA, lncRNA, pseudogenes, and miRNAs.
甲状腺癌是最常见的内分泌恶性肿瘤。虽然髓样或间变性甲状腺癌患者的治疗选择有限，但由于肿瘤的多步骤致癌过程，了解其潜在机制对于制定成功的甲状腺癌治疗策略至关重要。近期的多项研究表明，非编码RNA（ncRNA）与甲状腺癌进展相关；然而，不同类型的ncRNA之间的调控相互作用在甲状腺癌中的作用仍不清楚。最近，竞争性内源RNA（ceRNA）作为一种机制被发现，它揭示了包括假基因、长链非编码RNA（lnRNA）、环状RNA（circRNA）和微小RNA（miRNA）在内的非编码RNA之间的调控相互作用。从文献中可以得出结论，在甲状腺癌的发生、侵袭和转移过程中，以及在上皮-间质转化（EMT）和耐药过程中，众多ceRNA网络失调。进一步了解这些失调情况对于开发甲状腺癌早期检测的诊断程序以及有效的治疗方法具有重要意义。本综述的目的是强调一些新发现的ceRNA成员在甲状腺癌中的新作用，并概述目前关于ceRNA、lnRNA、假基因和miRNA的知识体系。
