Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
Supercritical Fluid Center, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
PLoS One. 2022 Apr 12;17(4):e0266673. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0266673. eCollection 2022.
Propolis is a good source for flavonoids, however, their recovery is challenging, as it is a waxy material. This study investigated edible oils virgin coconut oil (VCO), corn oil (CO), and ghee (G) as co-extractants for the supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) extraction of flavonoids from the propolis. The extraction of flavonoids using 20% VCO as co-extractant with scCO2 (25 g/min) for 210 min at 150 bar and 50°C was found to be the most appropriate, yielding a total flavonoid content (TFC) of 11.7 mg/g and 25% TFC recovery. At a higher temperature (60°C) and pressure (250 bar and 350 bar), the propolis became softer and compressed causing the extractions to retrograde. The extraction curves correlated to the diffusion model with 1.6% (AARD). The matrix diffusivities increased from 4.7 × 10-11 m2/s (scCO2) to 6.9 × 10-11-21.4 × 10-11 m2/s upon the addition of edible oils. Thus, edible oils could be used with scCO2 to improve the flavonoid extraction from propolis.
蜂胶是类黄酮的良好来源，然而，由于它是一种蜡质物质，因此其回收具有挑战性。本研究探讨了食用植物油——初榨椰子油（VCO）、玉米油（CO）和酥油（G）作为超临界二氧化碳（scCO2）提取蜂胶中类黄酮的共萃取剂。发现使用 20%VCO 作为共萃取剂，在 150 巴和 50°C 下用 scCO2（25 g/min）提取 210 min 是最适宜的，总黄酮含量（TFC）为 11.7 mg/g，TFC 回收率为 25%。在更高的温度（60°C）和压力（250 巴和 350 巴）下，蜂胶变得更软，压缩导致萃取物逆行。萃取曲线与扩散模型相关，AARD 为 1.6%。基质扩散系数从 scCO2 中的 4.7×10-11 m2/s 增加到添加食用植物油后的 6.9×10-11-21.4×10-11 m2/s。因此，食用植物油可以与 scCO2 一起用于提高蜂胶中类黄酮的提取率。
