Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran.
Department of Sport Sciences, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran.
Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2023;63(28):9349-9363. doi: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2064424. Epub 2022 Apr 20.
Obesity is associated with the development of insulin resistance (IR) and type 2 diabetes for which exercise training (Ex) and dietary interventions (DI) are effective interventions that can improve IR. We therefore performed a systematic meta-analysis to compare the effect of Ex + DI compared with DI on IR and glucose homeostasis.
PubMed and Cochrane Library were conducted up to May 2021. Meta-analyses were conducted to compare the effect of Ex + DI compared with DI on fasting glucose and insulin, IR and body weight. Standardized mean differences (SMDs), weighted mean differences (WMD) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were computed using random or fixed effect models.
Fifty studies involving 2864 participants with overweight or obesity were included in the meta-analysis. Ex + DI caused a larger decrease in fasting glucose ( = 0.001, 62 trials) and IR ( = 0.01, 29 trials) when compared with DI alone. There was no significant evidence, however, for a greater effect of Ex + DI on fasting insulin (p = 0.07, 48 trials) and body weight ( = 0.12, 58 trials), compared with DI alone.
Our results suggest that a combination of Ex and DI may be more effective than DI alone at improving IR and fasting glucose in individuals with overweight and obesity.
肥胖与胰岛素抵抗（IR）和 2 型糖尿病的发展相关，运动训练（Ex）和饮食干预（DI）是有效的干预措施，可以改善 IR。因此，我们进行了系统的荟萃分析，以比较 Ex+DI 与 DI 对 IR 和葡萄糖稳态的影响。
检索 PubMed 和 Cochrane Library 数据库，检索时间截至 2021 年 5 月。荟萃分析比较了 Ex+DI 与 DI 对空腹血糖和胰岛素、IR 和体重的影响。使用随机或固定效应模型计算标准化均数差（SMD）、加权均数差（WMD）和 95%置信区间（95%CI）。
荟萃分析纳入了 2864 名超重或肥胖参与者的 50 项研究。与单独进行 DI 相比，Ex+DI 可更大程度地降低空腹血糖（ = 0.001，62 项试验）和 IR（ = 0.01，29 项试验）。然而，与单独进行 DI 相比，Ex+DI 对空腹胰岛素（p = 0.07，48 项试验）和体重（ = 0.12，58 项试验）的影响没有显著差异。
我们的研究结果表明，与单独进行 DI 相比，Ex 和 DI 的联合应用可能更有效地改善超重和肥胖个体的 IR 和空腹血糖。
