Shanghai Environmental Protection Key Laboratory for Environmental Standard and Risk Management of Chemical Pollutants, School of Resources & Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Processes, School of Resources & Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
Biosensors (Basel). 2022 Apr 9;12(4):229. doi: 10.3390/bios12040229.
The solid contact ion-selective electrode (ISE) is a promising skin-interfaced monitoring system for sweat ions. Despite a growing number of on-body usages of ISE with fancy new materials and device fabrications, there are very few reports attempting to validate ISE results with a gold standard technique. For this purpose, this work uses inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) as a reference technique to conduct a direct evaluation of the sweat sodium and potassium ion levels obtained by ISE in an off-body approach. Eight healthy male subjects were recruited to collect exercise-induced sweat. It was found that sweat sodium and potassium ions present a rather wide concentration range. The sweat sodium concentration did not vary greatly in an exercise period of half an hour, while the sweat potassium concentration typically decreased with exercise. Mineral drink intake had no clear impact on the sweat sodium level, but increased the sweat potassium level. A paired -test and mean absolute relative difference (MARD) analysis, a method typically used for evaluating the performance of glucometers, was employed to compare the results of ISE and ICP-OES. The statistical analysis validated the feasibility of ISE for measuring sweat ions, although better accuracy is required. Our data suggests that overweight subjects are likely to possess a higher sweat sodium level.
固体接触离子选择性电极 (ISE) 是一种很有前途的皮肤界面监测系统，可用于监测汗液中的离子。尽管越来越多的 ISE 采用新型材料和设备制造技术，并在体内得到了广泛应用，但很少有研究试图用金标准技术验证 ISE 的结果。为此，本工作使用电感耦合等离子体-光学发射光谱法 (ICP-OES) 作为参考技术，对离体方式下 ISE 获得的汗液钠离子和钾离子水平进行直接评估。招募了 8 名健康男性受试者进行运动诱导的汗液采集。结果发现，汗液中的钠离子和钾离子呈现出相当宽的浓度范围。在半小时的运动期间，汗液中的钠离子浓度变化不大，而汗液中的钾离子浓度通常会随着运动而降低。饮用矿物质饮料对汗液中的钠离子水平没有明显影响，但会增加汗液中的钾离子水平。通常用于评估血糖仪性能的配对检验和平均绝对相对差异 (MARD) 分析方法被用于比较 ISE 和 ICP-OES 的结果。统计分析验证了 ISE 测量汗液离子的可行性，尽管需要更高的准确性。我们的数据表明，超重的受试者可能具有更高的汗液钠离子水平。
