Liew Chin Seng, Wong Chung Yiin, Abdelfattah Eman A, Raksasat Ratchaprapa, Rawindran Hemamalini, Lim Jun Wei, Kiatkittipong Worapon, Kiatkittipong Kunlanan, Mohamad Mardawani, Yek Peter Nai Yuh, Setiabudi Herma Dina, Cheng Chin Kui, Lam Su Shiung
Department of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, HICoE-Centre for Biofuel and Biochemical Research, Institute of Self-Sustainable Building, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia.
Entomology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo 12613, Egypt.
J Fungi (Basel). 2022 Mar 23;8(4):332. doi: 10.3390/jof8040332.
Being the second-largest country in the production of palm oil, Malaysia has a massive amount of palm kernel expeller (PKE) leftover. For that purpose, black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) are thus employed in this study to valorize the PKE waste. More specifically, this work elucidated the effects of the pre-fermentation of PKE via different amounts of to enhance PKE palatability for the feeding of BSFL. The results showed that fermentation successfully enriched the raw PKE and thus contributed to the better growth of BSFL. BSFL grew to be 34% heavier at the optimum inoculum volume of 0.5 mL/10 g dry weight of PKE as compared to the control. Meanwhile, excessive fungal inoculum induced competition between BSFL and , resulting in a reduction in BSFL weight. Under optimum feeding conditions, BSFL also registered the highest lipid yield (24.7%) and protein yield (44.5%). The biodiesel derived from BSFL lipid had also shown good compliance with the European biodiesel standard EN 14214. The high saturated fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) content (C12:0, C14:0, C16:0) in derived biodiesel made it highly oxidatively stable. Lastly, the superior degradation rate of PKE executed by BSFL further underpinned the sustainable conversion process in attaining valuable larval bioproducts.
作为棕榈油生产的第二大国，马来西亚有大量剩余的棕榈仁粕（PKE）。因此，本研究采用黑水虻幼虫（BSFL）来提高PKE废料的价值。更具体地说，这项工作阐明了通过不同量的[具体物质未给出]对PKE进行预发酵的效果，以提高PKE对BSFL喂养的适口性。结果表明，发酵成功地富集了原始PKE，从而有助于BSFL更好地生长。与对照相比，在PKE干重为10 g时接种量为0.5 mL的最佳接种量下，BSFL的生长重量增加了34%。同时，过量的真菌接种物引发了BSFL与[具体物质未给出]之间的竞争，导致BSFL重量下降。在最佳饲养条件下，BSFL的脂质产量（24.7%）和蛋白质产量（44.5%）也最高。从BSFL脂质中提取的生物柴油也显示出符合欧洲生物柴油标准EN 14214。衍生生物柴油中高含量的饱和脂肪酸甲酯（FAMEs）（C12:0、C14:0、C16:0）使其具有高度的氧化稳定性。最后，BSFL对PKE的优异降解率进一步支持了获得有价值的幼虫生物产品的可持续转化过程。
