Research group on Methodology, Methods, Models and Outcomes of Health and Social Sciences (M3O), Faculty of Health Sciences and Welfare, Centre for Health and Social Care Research (CESS), University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), C. Sagrada Família, 7, 08500, Barcelona, VIC, Spain.
Research group on Tissue Repair and Regeneration Laboratory (TR2Lab), Faculty of Health Sciences and Welfare, Centre for Health and Social Care Research (CESS), University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), C. Sagrada Família, 7, 08500, Barcelona, VIC, Spain.
BMC Geriatr. 2022 Apr 21;22(1):350. doi: 10.1186/s12877-022-02827-9.
In 2018, the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP2) updated the original definition of sarcopenia, establishing new criteria to be used globally. Early diagnosis of sarcopenia in nursing home residents and the identification of contributing factors would target interventions to reduce the incidence of malnutrition, social isolation, functional decline, hospitalization and mortality.
Verify the prevalence and the degree of severity of sarcopenia according to the new EWSGOP2 criteria and to analyse its associated factors in residents living in nursing homes in Central Catalonia (Spain).
A cross-sectional multicenter study was conducted in 4 nursing homes. SARC-F test was applied as the initial screening, muscle strength was measured by a dynamometer, skeletal muscle mass by bioimpedance analysis and physical performance by Gait Speed. Four categories were used: total probable sarcopenia, probable sarcopenia, confirmed sarcopenia and severe sarcopenia.
Among the total sample of 104 nursing home residents (mean age 84.6, ± 7.8; median 86, IQR 110), 84.6% were women and 85 (81.7%) (95% confidence interval [CI] 73.0-88.0) had total probable sarcopenia, 63 (60.5%) had probable sarcopenia, 19 (18.3%) had confirmed sarcopenia and 7 (6.7%) had severe sarcopenia. In the bivariate analysis, obesity was negatively associated and total time in sedentary behavior positively associated with all sarcopenia categories. In addition, malnutrition and urinary continence were positively associated with total and probable sarcopenia. Urinary incontinence was a positive associated factor of total and probable sarcopenia. In the multivariate analysis, obesity represented a negative associated factor: OR = 0.13 (0.03 - 0.57), p = 0.007 and OR = 0.14 (0.03 - 0.60), p = 0.008 with total and probable sarcopenia, respectively, adjusted by urinary incontinence status. For confirmed sarcopenia, obesity also represented a negative associated factor OR = 0.06 (0.01 - 0.99), p = 0.049 and the total time in sedentary behavior a positive associated factor OR = 1.10 (1.00- 1.20), p = 0.040.
According the EWGSOP2 criteria, high prevalence of sarcopenia was found in institutionalized older people, ranging from 6.7 to 81.7% depending on the category. Malnutrition, urinary incontinence and total time in sedentary behavior were associated with sarcopenia, whilst obesity represented a protective factor in this population.
2018 年，欧洲老年人肌肉减少症工作组（EWGSOP2）更新了肌肉减少症的原始定义，建立了新的全球使用标准。在养老院居民中早期诊断肌肉减少症并确定其相关因素，可以针对减少营养不良、社会隔离、功能下降、住院和死亡的发生率进行干预。
根据新的 EWSGOP2 标准，验证肌肉减少症的患病率和严重程度，并分析居住在加泰罗尼亚中部（西班牙）养老院居民的相关因素。
在 4 家养老院进行了一项横断面多中心研究。SARC-F 测试作为初始筛查，使用测力计测量肌肉力量，生物阻抗分析测量骨骼肌质量，步态速度测量身体表现。使用四个类别：总可能的肌肉减少症、可能的肌肉减少症、确诊的肌肉减少症和严重的肌肉减少症。
在总共 104 名养老院居民的样本中（平均年龄 84.6±7.8 岁；中位数 86，IQR 110），84.6%为女性，85 名（81.7%）（95%置信区间[CI] 73.0-88.0）患有总可能的肌肉减少症，63 名（60.5%）患有可能的肌肉减少症，19 名（18.3%）患有确诊的肌肉减少症，7 名（6.7%）患有严重的肌肉减少症。在单变量分析中，肥胖呈负相关，久坐行为的总时间呈正相关，与所有肌肉减少症类别相关。此外，营养不良和尿失禁与总肌肉减少症和可能的肌肉减少症均呈正相关。尿失禁是总肌肉减少症和可能的肌肉减少症的一个正相关因素。在多变量分析中，肥胖是一个负相关因素：OR=0.13（0.03-0.57），p=0.007 和 OR=0.14（0.03-0.60），p=0.008 与总肌肉减少症和可能的肌肉减少症分别相关，调整了尿失禁状态。对于确诊的肌肉减少症，肥胖也是一个负相关因素：OR=0.06（0.01-0.99），p=0.049，久坐行为的总时间是一个正相关因素：OR=1.10（1.00-1.20），p=0.040。
根据 EWGSOP2 标准，在机构化老年人中发现了高患病率的肌肉减少症，范围从 6.7%到 81.7%，具体取决于类别。营养不良、尿失禁和久坐行为总时间与肌肉减少症相关，而肥胖在这一人群中是一个保护因素。
