Morales Jose, Ubasart Carla, Solana-Tramunt Mónica, Villarrasa-Sapiña Israel, González Luis-Millán, Fukuda David, Franchini Emerson
Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2018 Nov 1;13(10):1371-1377. doi: 10.1123/ijspp.2018-0089.
Balance, reaction time, and strength are key factors affecting judo performance. Although ample research has been done examining potential strength changes caused by weight loss prior to competition, changes in balance and reaction time have been overlooked.
To examine the effects of rapid and progressive weight loss (RWL and PWL) on balance, reaction time, and strength in a group of elite judo athletes.
A total of 38 female and male judo athletes (age = 20.6 [2.6] y) completed balance, reaction-time, and strength assessments 1 wk prior to an official weigh-in (pretest) and immediately after the weigh-in (posttest). The athletes were divided into 3 groups, 1 control group who maintained regular training and eating habits, 1 experimental group who engaged in PWL (<3% reductions in body mass), and a second experimental group who used RWL techniques (>3% reductions in body mass).
The RWL group showed significant decreases (P < .05) in balance performance (ellipse area: 4.83 [0.87] vs 6.31 [1.39] mm2 with eyes closed; mean mediolateral velocity: 2.07 [0.2] vs 2.52 [0.45] mm·s-1 with eyes closed; and mean anteroposterior velocity: 2.25 [0.20] vs 2.51 [0.32] mm·s-1 with eyes open and 2.44 [0.26] vs 3.06 [0.56] mm·s-1 with eyes closed) and reaction time (0.38 [0.04] vs 0.42 [0.06] s) with no changes in strength from pretesting to posttesting. The athletes in the PWL and control groups maintained performance in all variables.
These findings demonstrate negative effects on perceptual motor-skill performance in judo athletes engaging in RWL strategies prior to competition.
平衡、反应时间和力量是影响柔道表现的关键因素。尽管已有大量研究探讨了比赛前体重减轻所导致的潜在力量变化，但平衡和反应时间的变化却被忽视了。
研究快速渐进性体重减轻（RWL和PWL）对一组精英柔道运动员平衡、反应时间和力量的影响。
共有38名男女柔道运动员（年龄=20.6[2.6]岁）在官方称重前1周（预测试）和称重后立即（后测试）完成了平衡、反应时间和力量评估。运动员被分为3组，1个对照组保持常规训练和饮食习惯，1个实验组采用PWL（体重减轻<3%），另一个实验组采用RWL技术（体重减轻>3%）。
RWL组在平衡表现（闭眼时椭圆面积：4.83[0.87]对6.31[1.39]mm²；闭眼时平均内外侧速度：2.07[。2]对2.52[0.45]mm·s⁻¹；睁眼时平均前后速度：2.25[0.20]对2.51[0.32]mm·s⁻¹，闭眼时2.44[0.26]对3.06[0.56]mm·s⁻¹）和反应时间（0.38[0.04]对0.42[0.06]秒）方面显著下降（P<.05），从预测试到后测试力量没有变化。PWL组和对照组的运动员在所有变量上保持了表现。
这些发现表明，在比赛前采用RWL策略的柔道运动员，其感知运动技能表现会受到负面影响。
