Flitter Becca A, Braun Molly R, Tucker Sean N
Vaxart, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
Vaccines (Basel). 2022 Apr 12;10(4):593. doi: 10.3390/vaccines10040593.
To effectively combat emerging infections and prevent future pandemics, next generation vaccines must be developed quickly, manufactured rapidly, and most critically, administered easily. Next generation vaccines need innovative approaches that prevent infection, severe disease, and reduce community transmission of respiratory pathogens such as influenza and SARS-CoV-2. Here we review an oral vaccine tablet that can be manufactured and released in less than 16 weeks of antigen design and deployed without the need for cold chain. The oral Ad5 modular vaccine platform utilizes a non-replicating adenoviral vector (rAd5) containing a novel molecular TLR3 adjuvant that is delivered by tablet, not by needle. This enterically coated, room temperature-stable vaccine tablet elicits robust antigen-specific IgA in the gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts and upregulates mucosal homing adhesion molecules on circulating B and T cells. Several influenza antigens have been tested using this novel vaccine approach and demonstrated efficacy in both preclinical animal models and in phase I/II clinical trials, including in a human challenge study. This oral rAd5 vaccine platform technology offers a promising new avenue for aiding in rapid pandemic preparedness and equitable worldwide vaccine distribution.
为了有效对抗新出现的感染并预防未来的大流行，必须快速研发、迅速生产，而最关键的是，易于接种下一代疫苗。下一代疫苗需要创新方法来预防感染、重症疾病，并减少流感和SARS-CoV-2等呼吸道病原体的社区传播。在此，我们综述了一种口服疫苗片剂，该片剂可在抗原设计后不到16周的时间内生产并投放市场，且无需冷链运输即可部署。口服Ad5模块化疫苗平台利用一种非复制性腺病毒载体（rAd5），其包含一种新型分子TLR3佐剂，通过片剂而非针剂给药。这种肠溶包衣、室温稳定的疫苗片剂可在胃肠道和呼吸道中引发强大的抗原特异性IgA，并上调循环B细胞和T细胞上的黏膜归巢黏附分子。使用这种新型疫苗方法对几种流感抗原进行了测试，并在临床前动物模型和I/II期临床试验中，包括在一项人体挑战研究中，均证明了其有效性。这种口服rAd5疫苗平台技术为快速大流行防范和全球公平疫苗分配提供了一条有前景的新途径。
