Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Moderna, Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA.
Cell. 2021 Mar 18;184(6):1589-1603. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.02.030.
Vaccines are critical tools for maintaining global health. Traditional vaccine technologies have been used across a wide range of bacterial and viral pathogens, yet there are a number of examples where they have not been successful, such as for persistent infections, rapidly evolving pathogens with high sequence variability, complex viral antigens, and emerging pathogens. Novel technologies such as nucleic acid and viral vector vaccines offer the potential to revolutionize vaccine development as they are well-suited to address existing technology limitations. In this review, we discuss the current state of RNA vaccines, recombinant adenovirus vector-based vaccines, and advances from biomaterials and engineering that address these important public health challenges.
疫苗是维护全球健康的重要工具。传统的疫苗技术已经广泛应用于各种细菌和病毒病原体，但也有一些例子表明它们并不成功，例如持续性感染、具有高度序列变异性的快速进化病原体、复杂的病毒抗原和新兴病原体。新型技术，如核酸和病毒载体疫苗，具有改变疫苗开发的潜力，因为它们非常适合解决现有技术的局限性。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了 RNA 疫苗、重组腺病毒载体疫苗的现状，以及生物材料和工程学方面的进展，这些进展都有助于应对这些重要的公共卫生挑战。
