Pottoo Faheem Hyder, Ibrahim Abdallah Mohammad, Alammar Ali, Alsinan Rida, Aleid Mahdi, Alshehhi Ali, Alshehri Muruj, Mishra Supriya, Alhajri Noora
Department of Pharmacology, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdul Rahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia.
Department of Fundamentals of Nursing, College of Nursing, Imam Abdul Rahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia.
Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2022 Mar 27;15(4):408. doi: 10.3390/ph15040408.
Thymoquinone (TQ) possesses anticonvulsant, antianxiety, antidepressant, and antipsychotic properties. It could be utilized to treat drug misuse or dependence, and those with memory and cognitive impairment. TQ protects brain cells from oxidative stress, which is especially pronounced in memory-related regions. TQ exhibits antineurotoxin characteristics, implying its role in preventing neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. TQ's antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties protect brain cells from damage and inflammation. Glutamate can trigger cell death by causing mitochondrial malfunction and the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Reduction in ROS production can explain TQ effects in neuroinflammation. TQ can help prevent glutamate-induced apoptosis by suppressing mitochondrial malfunction. Several studies have demonstrated TQ's role in inhibiting Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and some inflammatory mediators, leading to reduced inflammation and neurotoxicity. Several studies did not show any signs of dopaminergic neuron loss after TQ treatment in various animals. TQ has been shown in clinical studies to block acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, which increases acetylcholine (ACh). As a result, fresh memories are programmed to preserve the effects. Treatment with TQ has been linked to better outcomes and decreased side effects than other drugs.
百里醌（TQ）具有抗惊厥、抗焦虑、抗抑郁和抗精神病特性。它可用于治疗药物滥用或成瘾，以及患有记忆和认知障碍的患者。TQ可保护脑细胞免受氧化应激的影响，这种影响在与记忆相关的区域尤为明显。TQ具有抗神经毒素特性，这意味着它在预防诸如阿尔茨海默病和帕金森病等神经退行性疾病中发挥作用。TQ的抗氧化和抗炎特性可保护脑细胞免受损伤和炎症。谷氨酸可通过导致线粒体功能障碍和活性氧（ROS）的形成引发细胞死亡。ROS产生的减少可以解释TQ在神经炎症中的作用。TQ可通过抑制线粒体功能障碍帮助预防谷氨酸诱导的细胞凋亡。多项研究表明TQ在抑制Toll样受体（TLR）和一些炎症介质方面的作用，从而导致炎症和神经毒性的减轻。多项研究并未显示在对各种动物进行TQ治疗后出现多巴胺能神经元损失的任何迹象。临床研究表明TQ可阻断乙酰胆碱酯酶（AChE）的活性，从而增加乙酰胆碱（ACh）。因此，新的记忆被设定以保留这些效果。与其他药物相比，TQ治疗与更好的疗效和更少的副作用相关。
