Chela-Alvarez Xenia, Leiva Alfonso, Gallardo-Alfaro Laura, Bulilete Oana, Vidal-Thomas MClara, Llobera Joan
Primary Care Research Unit of Mallorca, Balearic Islands Health Service, Palma, Spain.
GrAPP-caIB - Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain.
Front Psychol. 2022 Apr 5;13:842335. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.842335. eCollection 2022.
Tourism is a crucial economic sector in the Balearic Islands (Spain). COVID-19 pandemic might severely impact hotel housekeepers (HHs) due to their already precarious employment situation. The purpose is to assess the evolution of the concern about employment status, anxiety, and depression of HHs. This is a longitudinal study conducted with a subset of participants from a primary care, health promotion intervention study. Two additional visits were added (March-April and October-December 2020) for the purpose of this study. We recruited 290 HHs in March-April 2020; 237 were again interviewed during October-December 2020. In the first visit, high level of concern about employment was associated with age under 50, temporary contracts and external locus of control (LOC). Moderate-severe anxiety was associated with low social support and external LOC; moderate-severe depression was associated with low social support. Regarding the second visit, age, years working as HH, type of contract, social support, and LOC were not associated with concern about employment status, anxiety, and depression. There was a larger proportion of HHs with moderate-severe anxiety and depression among HHs with high degree of concern. Concern increased significantly among HHs: over 50 years of age; with more than 15 years in the job, a recurring seasonal contract and normal social support. After adjusting by age, type of contract, LOC, and social support, we found a statistically significant increase (12.0%) of HHs highly concerned about their job situation: compared to the first visit, HHs were 2.3 more likely to have a high degree of concern in December 2020. In contrast, increases in moderate-severe anxiety (0.3%) and depression (4.3%) between the two periods were not significant. In HHs, the COVID-19 pandemic has caused significant concern about employment status and symptoms of depression and anxiety. In the uncertain times of the pandemic, mental wellbeing benefits from variables that confer stability, such as internal LOC, perception of social support, and a stable job. Longitudinal results point at long lasting effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health. It is crucial to allocate additional resources in primary care to adequately address the anticipated influx of needs.
旅游业是西班牙巴利阿里群岛一个至关重要的经济部门。由于酒店客房服务员（HHs）本就不稳定的就业状况，新冠疫情可能会对他们造成严重影响。目的是评估HHs对就业状况的担忧、焦虑和抑郁情绪的演变情况。这是一项纵向研究，研究对象是来自一项初级保健、健康促进干预研究的部分参与者。为了本研究的目的，额外增加了两次访视（2020年三至四月和十至十二月）。我们在2020年三至四月招募了290名HHs；2020年十至十二月期间再次对其中237人进行了访谈。在首次访视中，对就业的高度担忧与年龄在50岁以下、临时合同以及外部控制点（LOC）有关。中度至重度焦虑与社会支持低和外部LOC有关；中度至重度抑郁与社会支持低有关。关于第二次访视，年龄、担任HH的年限、合同类型、社会支持和LOC与对就业状况的担忧、焦虑和抑郁无关。在高度担忧的HHs中，中度至重度焦虑和抑郁的比例更高。在HHs中，年龄超过50岁、工作超过15年、有季节性重复合同且社会支持正常的人群对就业的担忧显著增加。在对年龄、合同类型、LOC和社会支持进行调整后，我们发现对工作状况高度担忧的HHs有统计学上显著的增加（12.0%）：与首次访视相比，2020年12月的HHs高度担忧的可能性高出2.3倍。相比之下，两个时期之间中度至重度焦虑（0.3%）和抑郁（4.3%）的增加并不显著。在HHs中，新冠疫情引发了对就业状况以及抑郁和焦虑症状的严重担忧。在疫情的不确定时期，心理健康受益于能带来稳定性的变量，如内部LOC、社会支持感和稳定的工作。纵向研究结果表明新冠疫情对心理健康有持久影响。在初级保健中分配额外资源以充分应对预期的需求涌入至关重要。
