Faculty of Health, Southern Cross University, Lismore, New South Wales, Australia.
Aust Occup Ther J. 2022 Aug;69(4):456-474. doi: 10.1111/1440-1630.12806. Epub 2022 Apr 29.
Daily living skills (DLS) are essential for an increased quality of life and autonomous living. DLS are a focus of occupational therapy practice; however, there has been no identified review of DLS acquisition in autistic adolescents or adults. A scoping review was undertaken of which the objective was to evaluate and synthesise the extent, range, and nature of research activity, and to identify research gaps in the existing literature as they relate to DLS acquisition and autistic adolescents and adults.
A structured search of the literature was conducted. Studies published in English between 2011 and 2021 that included a focus on the acquisition of DLS in autistic adolescents and young adults were included. The titles and abstracts of 103 records were screened, and the full text of 53 records was reviewed. These reference lists were hand searched. Following this process, 25 papers were found to meet the inclusion criteria.
Findings indicate inconsistencies throughout the literature, with a lack of consensus on best practice methods, mediums, and/or tools to support optimal outcomes in terms of DLS acquisition for the autistic population. Themes related to (1) Generalisation of Skills Across Contexts, (2) Skill Maintenance, (3) Technology as a Teaching Method, (4) Participant and Family Perspectives, and (5) The Balance of Activities of Daily Living (ADL) and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) focus in research were extracted from the reviewed literature. There is a strong consensus in the findings of the identified papers that autistic adolescents and young adults experience poorer outcomes in terms of DLS acquisition than non-autistic peers, and peers with other developmental or intellectual disabilities.
Future research is needed to fill these identified gaps and provide a clearer understanding on interventions to support optimal outcomes for autistic individuals.
日常生活技能（DLS）对于提高生活质量和实现自主生活至关重要。DLS 是职业治疗实践的重点；然而，目前尚未对自闭症青少年或成年人的 DLS 习得进行确定的综述。本研究进行了范围界定审查，目的是评估和综合研究活动的范围、范围和性质，并确定与自闭症青少年和成年人的 DLS 习得相关的现有文献中的研究空白。
对文献进行了结构化搜索。纳入了 2011 年至 2021 年间发表的以自闭症青少年和年轻成人的 DLS 习得为重点的英文研究。筛选了 103 篇记录的标题和摘要，并审查了 53 篇记录的全文。还对这些参考文献进行了手工搜索。经过这一过程，发现 25 篇论文符合纳入标准。
研究结果表明，文献中存在不一致之处，在支持自闭症人群 DLS 习得的最佳实践方法、媒介和/或工具方面缺乏共识。从综述文献中提取了与以下主题相关的内容：（1）技能在不同情境下的泛化；（2）技能保持；（3）技术作为教学方法；（4）参与者和家庭观点；（5）日常生活活动（ADL）和工具性日常生活活动（IADL）的平衡。从综述文献中提取了与以下主题相关的内容：（1）技能在不同情境下的泛化；（2）技能保持；（3）技术作为教学方法；（4）参与者和家庭观点；（5）日常生活活动（ADL）和工具性日常生活活动（IADL）的平衡。从综述文献中提取了与以下主题相关的内容：（1）技能在不同情境下的泛化；（2）技能保持；（3）技术作为教学方法；（4）参与者和家庭观点；（5）日常生活活动（ADL）和工具性日常生活活动（IADL）的平衡。
需要进一步的研究来填补这些已确定的空白，并更清楚地了解支持自闭症个体最佳结果的干预措施。
