Younis Tahira, Jabeen Faiza, Jafri Laila, Rasul Azhar, Manzoor Maleeha, Shaheen Mussarat, Riaz Ammara
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad 45320 Pakistan
Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad 38000 Pakistan
RSC Adv. 2020 Mar 10;10(17):10221-10231. doi: 10.1039/c9ra08729j. eCollection 2020 Mar 6.
Secondary metabolites present in medicinal plants offer a golden opportunity to fight different ailments, such as cancer, infections, diabetes, neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases, The traditional use of various parts of is known to serve as a cure for pneumonia, pain, jaundice, malaria, fracturing of bones, and internal wounds. The aim of this research was to validate the antioxidant and cardio-protective properties of leaves. The antioxidant potential was evaluated by employing different assays on the crude methanol extract, as well as its derived fractions. The extract/fraction that showed significant activity was further investigated for the presence of phytochemicals using high performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector (HPLC-DAD) analysis and also for cardio-protective potential. In the case of the antioxidant potential, the ethyl acetate fraction (FXE) was demonstrated to have the most potent total antioxidant (26.3 ± 2.4 AAE μg mg), hydroxyl ion scavenging (IC = 7.9 ± 0.9 μg mg), ferrous ion chelating (IC = 28.2 ± 2.7 μg mg) and nitric oxide scavenging (IC = 32.5 ± 2.9 μg mg) effects among all of the extract/fractions, whereas in the case of DPPH (IC = 17.5 ± 2.7 μg mg) and the reducing power assay (16.7 ± 2.8 GAE μg mg), promising antioxidant potential was shown by the -butanol fraction. The presence of different concentrations of rutin, caffeic acid, catechin, and gallic acid was observed in the high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) profile of FXE. Furthermore, in experimentation, the oral administration of FXE and silymarin significantly restored the CCl-induced increase in the levels of creatine kinase, creatine kinase-MB, cholesterol and triacylglycerides when compared with the untreated group. FXE and silymarin treatment also restored the levels of the tissue antioxidant enzymes, for example glutathione--transferase, glutathione reductase, catalase, peroxidase and superoxide dismutase. Furthermore, significantly lower levels of reduced glutathione and enhanced levels of lipid peroxides, hydrogen peroxide, comet length and DNA damages were observed after CCl administration in the cardiac tissue of rats. FXE was able to restore these biochemical parameters, as well as the histological status of heart tissue. Based upon the present investigation, we concluded that leaves may have cardio-protective potential similar to silymarin against CCl induced injuries owing to its antioxidant constituents.
药用植物中存在的次生代谢产物为对抗各种疾病提供了绝佳机会，如癌症、感染、糖尿病、神经退行性疾病和心血管疾病。众所周知，该植物各部位的传统用途可用于治疗肺炎、疼痛、黄疸、疟疾、骨折和内伤。本研究的目的是验证该植物叶片的抗氧化和心脏保护特性。通过对粗甲醇提取物及其衍生馏分进行不同的分析来评估其抗氧化潜力。对显示出显著活性的提取物/馏分，使用高效液相色谱-二极管阵列检测器（HPLC-DAD）分析进一步研究其植物化学物质的存在情况，并评估其心脏保护潜力。在抗氧化潜力方面，乙酸乙酯馏分（FXE）在所有提取物/馏分中表现出最强的总抗氧化能力（26.3±2.4 AAE μg mg）、羟基离子清除能力（IC = 7.9±0.9 μg mg）、亚铁离子螯合能力（IC = 28.2±2.7 μg mg）和一氧化氮清除能力（IC = 32.5±2.9 μg mg）；而在DPPH（IC = 17.5±2.7 μg mg）和还原能力测定（16.7±2.8 GAE μg mg）方面，正丁醇馏分显示出良好的抗氧化潜力。在FXE的高效液相色谱（HPLC）图谱中观察到不同浓度的芦丁、咖啡酸、儿茶素和没食子酸的存在。此外，在实验中，与未处理组相比，口服FXE和水飞蓟宾可显著恢复CCl诱导的肌酸激酶、肌酸激酶-MB、胆固醇和三酰甘油水平的升高。FXE和水飞蓟宾处理还恢复了组织抗氧化酶的水平，例如谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶、谷胱甘肽还原酶、过氧化氢酶、过氧化物酶和超氧化物歧化酶。此外，在给大鼠心脏组织注射CCl后，观察到还原型谷胱甘肽水平显著降低，脂质过氧化物、过氧化氢、彗星长度和DNA损伤水平升高。FXE能够恢复这些生化参数以及心脏组织的组织学状态。基于目前的研究，我们得出结论，由于其抗氧化成分，该植物叶片可能具有与水飞蓟宾类似的针对CCl诱导损伤的心脏保护潜力。
