University of California Berkeley, USA.
University of Connecticut, Storrs, USA.
J Learn Disabil. 2023 May-Jun;56(3):193-209. doi: 10.1177/00222194221087383. Epub 2022 Apr 30.
Exposure to stigma and stereotype threat is detrimental for numerous marginalized groups. Research has demonstrated that individuals with specific learning disabilities (SLDs) are vulnerable to stigmatization. The purpose of this systematic review was to summarize the studies investigating associations between SLD-related stigma and stereotype threat and psychological and academic outcomes in individuals with SLDs, as well as examine the overall effect size of these associations across studies. A total of 16 studies met inclusion criteria-12 studies (52 effect sizes) examined SLD stigma with psychological adjustment or academic outcomes, and six studies (eight effect sizes) examined SLD stereotype threat. Greater SLD stigma scores had a medium-sized and significant correlation with less self-esteem across nine effect sizes ( = -.39, = .002). Other outcomes were not powered enough for meta-analyses, although studies generally showed that greater SLD stigma and stereotype threat was related to less optimal psychological adjustment. These results suggest that these negative experiences should be a target of intervention and support efforts for individuals with SLDs. The associations between SLD stigma and stereotype threat and academic performance outcomes were comparatively more heterogeneous and less robust. These findings highlight the need for more research on SLD-related stigma and stereotype threat.
受污名和刻板印象威胁的影响对许多边缘化群体是有害的。研究表明，特定学习障碍（SLD）患者易受到污名化。本系统综述的目的是总结调查 SLD 相关污名与刻板印象威胁与 SLD 个体的心理和学业结果之间关联的研究，并考察这些关联在研究中的总体效应大小。共有 16 项研究符合纳入标准-12 项研究（52 个效应量）考察了 SLD 污名与心理适应或学业结果的关系，6 项研究（8 个效应量）考察了 SLD 刻板印象威胁。在 9 个效应量中，较大的 SLD 污名评分与较低的自尊呈中等且显著相关（ = -.39， =.002）。其他结果的分析能力不足，尽管研究普遍表明，较大的 SLD 污名和刻板印象威胁与不太理想的心理适应有关。这些结果表明，这些负面经历应该成为干预和支持 SLD 患者的目标。SLD 污名与刻板印象威胁与学业成绩结果之间的关联则相对更为复杂，也不太稳健。这些发现突出了需要更多关于 SLD 相关污名和刻板印象威胁的研究。
