Hou Haobin, Wang Xiaoliang, Ding Weixing, Xiao Changfeng, Cai Xia, Lv Wenwei, Tu Yingying, Zhao Weimin, Yao Junfeng, Yang Changsuo
Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences Shanghai China.
National Poultry Engineer Research Center Shanghai China.
Evol Appl. 2021 Aug 5;15(4):603-617. doi: 10.1111/eva.13284. eCollection 2022 Apr.
To meet human needs, domestic pigeons () with various phenotypes have been bred to provide genetic material for our research on artificial selection and local environmental adaptation. Seven pigeon breeds were resequenced and can be divided into commercial varieties (Euro-pigeon, Shiqi, Shen King, Taishen, and Silver King), ornamental varieties (High Fliers), and local varieties (Tarim pigeon). Phylogenetic analysis based on population resequencing showed that one group contained local breeds and ornamental pigeons from China, whereas all commercial varieties were clustered together. It is revealed that the traditional Chinese ornamental pigeon is a branch of Tarim pigeon. Runs of homozygosity (ROH) and linkage disequilibrium (LD) analyses revealed significant differences in the genetic diversity of the three types of pigeons. Genome sweep analysis revealed that the selected genes of commercial breeds were related to body size, reproduction, and plumage color. The genomic imprinting genes left by the ornamental pigeon breeds were mostly related to special human facial features and muscular dystrophy. The Tarim pigeon has evolved genes related to chemical ion transport, photoreceptors, oxidative stress, organ development, and olfaction in order to adapt to local environmental stress. This research provides a molecular basis for pigeon genetic resource evaluation and genetic improvement and suggests that the understanding of adaptive evolution should integrate the effects of various natural environmental characteristics.
为满足人类需求，人们培育出了具有各种表型的家鸽，为我们关于人工选择和当地环境适应性的研究提供遗传材料。对七个鸽种进行了重测序，它们可分为商业品种（欧洲鸽、石岐鸽、申王鸽、泰深鸽和银王鸽）、观赏品种（高飞鸽）和地方品种（塔里木鸽）。基于群体重测序的系统发育分析表明，一组包含来自中国的地方品种和观赏鸽，而所有商业品种聚在一起。结果表明，中国传统观赏鸽是塔里木鸽的一个分支。纯合子片段（ROH）和连锁不平衡（LD）分析揭示了这三种类型鸽子在遗传多样性上的显著差异。全基因组扫描分析表明，商业品种的选择基因与体型、繁殖和羽毛颜色有关。观赏鸽品种留下的基因组印记基因大多与特殊人类面部特征和肌肉萎缩症有关。塔里木鸽为了适应当地环境压力，进化出了与化学离子转运、光感受器、氧化应激、器官发育和嗅觉相关的基因。本研究为鸽遗传资源评估和遗传改良提供了分子基础，并表明对适应性进化的理解应整合各种自然环境特征的影响。
