Geng Zi-Han, Zhu Yan, Li Quan-Lin, Zhao Chao, Zhou Ping-Hong
Endoscopy Center and Endoscopy Research Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Endoscopy, Shanghai, China.
Front Aging Neurosci. 2022 Apr 19;14:810483. doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.810483. eCollection 2022.
The gastrointestinal (GI) tract plays an essential role in food digestion, absorption, and the mucosal immune system; it is also inhabited by a huge range of microbes. The GI tract is densely innervated by a network of 200-600 million neurons that comprise the enteric nervous system (ENS). This system cooperates with intestinal microbes, the intestinal immune system, and endocrine systems; it forms a complex network that is required to maintain a stable intestinal microenvironment. Understanding how gut microbes influence the ENS and central nervous system (CNS) has been a significant research subject over the past decade. Moreover, accumulating evidence from animal and clinical studies has revealed that gut microbiota play important roles in various neurological diseases. However, the causal relationship between microbial changes and neurological disorders currently remains unproven. This review aims to summarize the possible contributions of GI microbiota to the ENS and CNS. It also provides new insights into furthering our current understanding of neurological disorders.
胃肠道在食物消化、吸收及黏膜免疫系统中发挥着至关重要的作用；其还栖息着大量微生物。胃肠道由2亿至6亿个神经元组成的肠神经系统（ENS）网络密集支配。该系统与肠道微生物、肠道免疫系统及内分泌系统协同作用；形成维持稳定肠道微环境所需的复杂网络。在过去十年中，了解肠道微生物如何影响肠神经系统和中枢神经系统（CNS）一直是一个重要的研究课题。此外，来自动物和临床研究的越来越多的证据表明，肠道微生物群在各种神经疾病中发挥着重要作用。然而，微生物变化与神经疾病之间的因果关系目前仍未得到证实。本综述旨在总结胃肠道微生物群对肠神经系统和中枢神经系统可能的贡献。它还为深化我们目前对神经疾病的理解提供了新的见解。
