Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, P.R. China.
Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, P.R. China.
Cancer Med. 2022 Dec;11(23):4457-4468. doi: 10.1002/cam4.4799. Epub 2022 May 6.
Tumors are presently a major threat to human life and health. Malignant tumors are conventionally treated through radiotherapy and chemotherapy. However, traditional therapies yield unsatisfactory results due to high toxicity to the normal cells, inability to treat deep tumor tissues, and the possibility of inducing drug resistance in the tumor cells. This has caused immunotherapy to emerge as an effective and alternate treatment strategy. To overcome the limitations of the conventional treatments as well as to avert the risk of various drug resistance and cytotoxicity, bacterial anti-tumor immunotherapy has raised the interest of researchers. This therapeutic strategy employs bacteria to specifically target and colonize the tumor tissues with preferential accumulation and proliferation. Such bacterial accumulation initiates a series of anti-tumor immune responses, effectively eliminating the tumor cells. This immunotherapy can use the bacteria alone or concomitantly with the other methods. For example, the bacteria can deliver the anti-cancer effect mediators by regulating the expression of the bacterial genes or by synthesizing the bioengineered bacterial complexes. This review will discuss the mechanism of utilizing bacteria in treating tumors, especially in terms of immune mechanisms. This could help in better integrating the bacterial method with other treatment options, thereby, providing a more effective, reliable, and unique treatment therapy for tumors.
肿瘤目前是对人类生命和健康的主要威胁。恶性肿瘤通常通过放疗和化疗来治疗。然而，由于对正常细胞的毒性高、无法治疗深部肿瘤组织以及肿瘤细胞可能产生耐药性等原因，传统疗法的效果并不理想。这使得免疫疗法成为一种有效的替代治疗策略。为了克服传统治疗方法的局限性，并避免各种耐药性和细胞毒性的风险，细菌抗肿瘤免疫疗法引起了研究人员的兴趣。这种治疗策略利用细菌特异性地靶向和定植肿瘤组织，具有优先的积累和增殖。这种细菌的积累会引发一系列抗肿瘤免疫反应，有效地消除肿瘤细胞。这种免疫疗法可以单独使用细菌，也可以与其他方法同时使用。例如，细菌可以通过调节细菌基因的表达或合成生物工程细菌复合物来传递抗癌效应介质。本文将讨论利用细菌治疗肿瘤的机制，特别是免疫机制。这有助于更好地将细菌方法与其他治疗方案结合起来，从而为肿瘤提供更有效、可靠和独特的治疗方法。
