Department of Applied Research & Development in Nursing, Bern University of Applied Sciences, Murtenstrasse 10, 3008, Bern, Switzerland.
Freiburg Research Centre for Occupational Sciences, Freiburg, Germany.
BMC Health Serv Res. 2022 May 6;22(1):608. doi: 10.1186/s12913-022-07924-4.
Measuring work-related stress in a reliable way is important in the development of appropriate prevention and intervention strategies. Especially in multilingual studies the use of comparable and reliable instruments is crucial. Therefore, the aim of this study was to translate selected scales and single items from the German version of the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire (COPSOQ) into French and Italian and psychometrically test them in a sample of health professionals.
This study used cross-sectional data from health professionals at 163 randomised selected health organisations in Switzerland. Selected COPSOQ items/scales were backwards- and forwards- translated and cross-culturally adapted from German to French and Italian. Reliability was assessed with Cronbach alpha and intraclass correlation coefficients, construct validity with confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and structural equation modelling as well as comparative fit index.
Responses from 12,754 health professionals were included in the analysis. Of the overall 24 scales, 20 in the German version, 19 in the French version and 17 in the Italian version attained sufficient internal consistency with a threshold of 0.7 for Cronbach's alpha. Predominantly high factor loadings on scale level are reported (> 0.35), as well as good and satisfactory fit values with RMSEA below 0.1, SRMR below 0.08 and CFI above 0.95. For 10 out of 15 scales, the test for factor invariance revealed a significant difference regarding the psychological constructs of the scales across the language versions.
The psychometric properties verify the underlying theoretical model of the COPSOQ questionnaire, which is to some extent comparable across the three language versions. Of the 10 scales with significant factor variance, four showed large differences, implying that revision is needed for better comparability. Potential cultural issues as well as regional differences may have led to the factor variance and the different reliability scores per scale across language versions. One known influencing factor for regional differences is culture, which should be considered in scale development. Moreover, emerging topics such as digitization should be considered in further development of the questionnaire.
以可靠的方式衡量与工作相关的压力对于制定适当的预防和干预策略非常重要。特别是在多语言研究中，使用可比且可靠的工具至关重要。因此，本研究的目的是将德国版哥本哈根心理社会问卷（COPSOQ）中的选定量表和单项内容翻译成法语和意大利语，并在卫生专业人员样本中对其进行心理测量学测试。
本研究使用了来自瑞士 163 个随机选择的卫生组织的卫生专业人员的横断面数据。从德语到法语和意大利语的 COPSOQ 项目/量表进行了反向和正向翻译以及跨文化适应性调整。采用克朗巴赫α和组内相关系数评估信度，采用验证性因子分析（CFA）和结构方程模型以及比较拟合指数评估结构效度。
共纳入了 12754 名卫生专业人员的分析结果。在总体的 24 个量表中，20 个在德语版本中，19 个在法语版本中，17 个在意大利语版本中达到了 0.7 的阈值，克朗巴赫α的内部一致性较好。主要报告了量表水平上的高因子负荷（>0.35），以及 RMSEA 低于 0.1、SRMR 低于 0.08 和 CFI 高于 0.95 的良好和满意的拟合值。对于 15 个量表中的 10 个，跨语言版本的量表心理结构检验表明因子不变性存在显著差异。
心理测量学特性验证了 COPSOQ 问卷的潜在理论模型，该模型在某种程度上在三种语言版本之间具有可比性。在具有显著因子差异的 10 个量表中，有 4 个量表的差异较大，这意味着需要进行修订以提高可比性。潜在的文化问题以及区域差异可能导致了因子差异和跨语言版本的每个量表的不同可靠性评分。一个已知的影响区域差异的因素是文化，在量表开发中应考虑到这一点。此外，数字化等新兴主题应在问卷的进一步发展中加以考虑。
