Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University & Research, 6708WE Wageningen, The Netherlands.
Nutrients. 2020 Feb 13;12(2):468. doi: 10.3390/nu12020468.
Various dairy nutrients have been associated with cognitive performance. Several observational studies have explored associations between the intake of total dairy or some dairy subgroups and cognitive performance. However, studies on the potential impact of a broad variety of dairy subclasses are scarce. We examined cross-sectional associations between a wide assortment of dairy products and cognitive performance. A total of 619 Dutch community-dwelling adults aged ≥65 years completed a semi-quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire. Cognitive performance was assessed with an extensive neuropsychological test battery; the tests were clustered into cognitive domains using z-scores. Linear and logistic regression analyses, adjusted for age, sex, BMI, education, smoking, alcohol consumption, habitual physical activity, total energy intake, and dietary factors, were performed to quantify the associations. The Benjamini-Hochberg method was used to correct for multiple testing. After full adjustment, higher skimmed dairy (β ± SD: 0.05 ± 0.02, = 0.06), fermented dairy (0.04 ± 0.02, = 0.09), and buttermilk (0.08 ± 0.03, = 0.19) consumption were associated with better executive functioning. Logistic regression analyses indicated that a 30 g increase in Dutch cheese intake was associated with a 33% lower probability of poor information processing speed (PR = 0.67, 95% CI 0.47-0.97). No associations were observed between dairy consumption and attention and working memory or episodic memory.
各种乳制品营养成分与认知表现有关。一些观察性研究探讨了总乳制品或某些乳制品亚组的摄入量与认知表现之间的关系。然而，关于广泛的乳制品亚类对认知表现的潜在影响的研究却很少。我们研究了各种乳制品与认知表现之间的横断面关联。共有 619 名年龄≥65 岁的荷兰社区居住成年人完成了半定量食物频率问卷。认知表现通过广泛的神经心理学测试进行评估；使用 z 分数将测试聚类为认知域。进行线性和逻辑回归分析，调整年龄、性别、BMI、教育、吸烟、饮酒、习惯性体力活动、总能量摄入和饮食因素，以量化关联。使用 Benjamini-Hochberg 方法进行多重检验校正。在充分调整后，较高的脱脂乳制品（β ± SD：0.05 ± 0.02， = 0.06）、发酵乳制品（0.04 ± 0.02， = 0.09）和酪乳（0.08 ± 0.03， = 0.19）的摄入量与更好的执行功能有关。逻辑回归分析表明，荷兰奶酪摄入量增加 30 克与信息处理速度较差的概率降低 33%（PR = 0.67，95%CI 0.47-0.97）有关。乳制品摄入量与注意力和工作记忆或情景记忆之间没有关联。
