Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, USA.
Yale Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, 230 S Frontage Rd., New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.
Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol. 2022 Sep;50(9):1121-1138. doi: 10.1007/s10802-022-00920-6. Epub 2022 May 8.
The COVID-19 pandemic has led to increased mental health concerns, including depression and anxiety among parents and internalizing and externalizing problems among youth. To better understand the mechanisms and moderators of child mental health during the pandemic, the current study tested two moderated mediation models in which parent depression and anxiety indirectly impacted child internalizing and externalizing problems through negative effects on multiple parenting variables, with these associations moderated by families' exposure to COVID-19-stressors. A national sample representative of U.S. parents (N = 796, 48.2% female, M = 38.87 years, 60.3% Non-Hispanic white, 18.1% Hispanic/Latinx, 13.2% Non-Hispanic Black/African-American, 5.7% Asian, 2.8% Other Race) completed a cross-sectional online survey in February-April 2021. Children ranged from 5-16 years old (M = 10.35 years, 59.8% Non-Hispanic white, 17.2% Hispanic/Latinx, 13.7% Non-Hispanic Black/African-American, 4.5% Asian, 4.8% Other Race). Parent depression/anxiety was directly and indirectly associated with child internalizing and externalizing problems. For both internalizing and externalizing problems, indirect associations occurred by means of increased parent hostility and inconsistent discipline and decreased routines and parent supportiveness. There were also specific indirect effects through decreased monitoring (internalizing problems) and parenting self-efficacy (externalizing problems). Multiple indirect effects were moderated by number of COVID-19-stressors experienced. Notably, COVID-19-stressors did not have direct effects on child mental health when other variables were considered. Findings highlight the buffering effects of parents for child mental health, the need to address parent depression/anxiety in child interventions, the utility of existing evidence-based parent interventions during the pandemic, and the need to assess families' level of exposure to COVID-19-stressors.
标题：新冠疫情期间父母与青少年心理健康的关系：一项有调节的中介模型研究
摘要：新冠疫情导致人们越来越关注心理健康问题，包括父母的抑郁和焦虑，以及青少年的内化和外化问题。为了更好地了解疫情期间儿童心理健康的机制和调节因素，本研究通过多项父母教养变量，检验了两个有调节的中介模型，其中父母的抑郁和焦虑通过对这些关联的负面影响间接影响儿童的内化和外化问题，而这些关联受到家庭对新冠压力源的暴露程度的调节。这是一项代表美国父母的全国性样本（N=796，48.2%为女性，M=38.87 岁，60.3%为非西班牙裔白人，18.1%为西班牙裔/拉丁裔，13.2%为非西班牙裔黑人/非裔美国人，5.7%为亚洲人，2.8%为其他种族），他们于 2021 年 2 月至 4 月完成了一项横断面在线调查。儿童年龄在 5-16 岁之间（M=10.35 岁，59.8%为非西班牙裔白人，17.2%为西班牙裔/拉丁裔，13.7%为非西班牙裔黑人/非裔美国人，4.5%为亚洲人，4.8%为其他种族）。父母的抑郁/焦虑与儿童的内化和外化问题直接和间接相关。对于内化和外化问题，间接关联是通过增加父母的敌意和不一致的纪律、减少日常生活和父母的支持性来发生的。通过减少监测（内化问题）和育儿自我效能感（外化问题）也存在特定的间接影响。多项间接效应受到经历的新冠压力源数量的调节。值得注意的是，当考虑到其他变量时，新冠压力源对儿童心理健康没有直接影响。研究结果强调了父母对儿童心理健康的缓冲作用，需要在儿童干预中解决父母的抑郁/焦虑问题，在疫情期间利用现有的基于证据的父母干预措施的效用，以及需要评估家庭对新冠压力源的暴露程度。
