Faculty of Technology, Policy and Management, Transport and Logistics Group, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands.
Department of Health Economics, Erasmus School of Health Policy & Management, Erasmus Centre for Health Economics Rotterdam, and Erasmus Choice Modelling Centre, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Value Health. 2022 Aug;25(8):1290-1297. doi: 10.1016/j.jval.2022.03.013. Epub 2022 May 5.
The COVID-19 pandemic forms an unprecedented public health, economic, and social crisis. Uptake of vaccination is critical for controlling the pandemic. Nevertheless, vaccination hesitancy is considerable, requiring policies to promote uptake. We investigate Dutch citizens' preferences for policies that aim to promote vaccination through facilitating choice of vaccination, profiling it as the norm, making vaccination more attractive through rewards, or punishing people who reject vaccination.
We conducted a discrete choice experiment in which 747 respondents were asked to choose between policies to promote vaccination uptake and their impacts on the number of deaths, people with permanent health problems, households with income loss, and a tax increase.
Respondents generally had a negative preference for policies that promote vaccination. They particularly disliked policies that punish those who reject the vaccine and were more favorable toward policies that reward vaccination, such as awarding additional rights to vaccinated individuals through vaccination passports. Respondents who reject vaccination were in general much more negative about the policy options than respondents who consider accepting the vaccine. Nevertheless, vaccination passports are supported by both respondents who accept the vaccine, those who reject vaccination, and those who are unsure about vaccination.
This study provides concrete directions for governments attempting to increase the vaccination uptake in ways that are supported by the public. Our results could encourage policy makers to focus on policy options that make vaccination easier and reward people who take the vaccine, as especially the implementation of vaccination passports was supported.
COVID-19 大流行构成了前所未有的公共卫生、经济和社会危机。接种疫苗对于控制大流行至关重要。然而，疫苗犹豫相当大，需要政策来促进接种。我们调查了荷兰公民对旨在通过促进疫苗接种选择、将其定位为规范、通过奖励使疫苗接种更具吸引力或惩罚拒绝接种的人来促进疫苗接种的政策的偏好。
我们进行了一项离散选择实验，其中 747 名受访者被要求在促进疫苗接种的政策及其对死亡人数、永久性健康问题人群、收入损失家庭和税收增加的影响之间进行选择。
受访者普遍对促进疫苗接种的政策持负面偏好。他们特别不喜欢惩罚那些拒绝疫苗的政策，而更倾向于通过疫苗护照等方式奖励接种疫苗的政策。那些拒绝接种疫苗的人对政策选择的负面看法普遍多于那些考虑接受疫苗的人。然而，疫苗护照得到了接受疫苗的人、拒绝接种疫苗的人和对疫苗接种不确定的人的支持。
本研究为政府试图以公众支持的方式提高疫苗接种率提供了具体方向。我们的结果可以鼓励政策制定者关注使疫苗接种更容易和奖励接种疫苗的人的政策选择，因为特别是疫苗护照的实施得到了支持。
