Irani Soussan
Dental Research Centre, Oral Pathology Department, Dental Faculty, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
Pathology Department of Faculty of Medicine, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia.
Int J Prev Med. 2022 Mar 12;13:45. doi: 10.4103/ijpvm.IJPVM_429_20. eCollection 2022.
Coronavirus, discovered in the 1960s, is able to infect human hosts and causes mild to serious respiratory problems. In the last two decades, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) have been recognized. It has long been demonstrated that MERS-CoV binds to dipeptidyl peptidase 4 and SARS-CoV binds to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2. A "cytokine storm" is the main pathophysiology of aforementioned viruses. Infiltration of neutrophils at the site of the infection is a risk factor for the development of acute respiratory distress syndrome and death. The new coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, has infected more people than SARS-Cov and MERS-CoV as it can easily be transmitted from person to person. Epidemiological studies indicate that majority of individuals are asymptomatic; therefore, an effective and an efficient tool is required for rapid testing. Identification of various cytokine and inflammatory factor expression levels can help in outcome prediction. In this study we reviewed immune responses in SARS-CoV, Mers-CoV, and SARS-COV-2 infections and the role of inflammatory cells.
冠状病毒于20世纪60年代被发现，能够感染人类宿主并导致从轻度到严重的呼吸道问题。在过去二十年中，严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒（SARS-CoV）、中东呼吸综合征冠状病毒（MERS-CoV）和严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）已被确认。长期以来已经证明，MERS-CoV与二肽基肽酶4结合，SARS-CoV与血管紧张素转换酶2结合。“细胞因子风暴”是上述病毒的主要病理生理学特征。感染部位中性粒细胞的浸润是发生急性呼吸窘迫综合征和死亡的危险因素。新型冠状病毒SARS-CoV-2比SARS-CoV和MERS-CoV感染了更多的人，因为它很容易在人与人之间传播。流行病学研究表明，大多数个体无症状；因此，需要一种有效且高效的工具进行快速检测。识别各种细胞因子和炎症因子的表达水平有助于预测结果。在本研究中，我们综述了SARS-CoV、Mers-CoV和SARS-COV-2感染中的免疫反应以及炎症细胞的作用。
