Li Chenyu, Liang Yaquan, Qiao Yuan
Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
Front Microbiol. 2022 Apr 22;13:863407. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.863407. eCollection 2022.
The human gut is the natural habitat for trillions of microorganisms, known as the gut microbiota, which play indispensable roles in maintaining host health. Defining the underlying mechanistic basis of the gut microbiota-host interactions has important implications for treating microbiota-associated diseases. At the fundamental level, the gut microbiota encodes a myriad of microbial enzymes that can modify various dietary precursors and host metabolites and synthesize, , unique microbiota-derived metabolites that traverse from the host gut into the blood circulation. These gut microbiota-derived metabolites serve as key effector molecules to elicit host responses. In this review, we summarize recent studies in the understanding of the major classes of gut microbiota-derived metabolites, including short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), bile acids (BAs) and peptidoglycan fragments (PGNs) on their regulatory effects on host functions. Elucidation of the structures and biological activities of such gut microbiota-derived metabolites in the host represents an exciting and critical area of research.
人类肠道是数万亿微生物的天然栖息地，这些微生物被称为肠道微生物群，它们在维持宿主健康方面发挥着不可或缺的作用。确定肠道微生物群与宿主相互作用的潜在机制基础对于治疗与微生物群相关的疾病具有重要意义。在基础层面上，肠道微生物群编码了无数的微生物酶，这些酶可以修饰各种饮食前体和宿主代谢物，并合成独特的微生物群衍生代谢物，这些代谢物从宿主肠道进入血液循环。这些肠道微生物群衍生的代谢物作为关键效应分子引发宿主反应。在这篇综述中，我们总结了最近在理解肠道微生物群衍生的主要代谢物类别方面的研究，包括短链脂肪酸（SCFAs）、胆汁酸（BAs）和肽聚糖片段（PGNs）对宿主功能的调节作用。阐明这些肠道微生物群衍生代谢物在宿主中的结构和生物活性是一个令人兴奋且关键的研究领域。
