Institute for Addiction Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2022 Jun;46(6):1062-1072. doi: 10.1111/acer.14824. Epub 2022 May 9.
This study characterized the prevalence, drinking patterns, and sociodemographic characteristics of U.S. adult subpopulations with distinct drinking trajectories during the COVID-19 pandemic's first 42 weeks.
Adult respondents (n = 8130) in a nationally representative prospective longitudinal study completed 21 biweekly web surveys (March 2020 to January 2021). Past-week alcohol drinking frequency (drinking days [range: 0 to 7]) and intensity (binge drinking on usual past-week drinking day [yes/no]) were assessed at each timepoint. Growth mixture models identified multiple subpopulations with homogenous drinking trajectories based on mean drinking days or binge drinking proportional probabilities across time.
Four drinking frequency trajectories were identified: Minimal/stable (72.8% [95% CI = 71.8 to 73.8]) with <1 mean past-week drinking days throughout; Moderate/late decreasing (6.7% [95% CI = 6.2 to 7.3) with 3.13 mean March drinking days and reductions during summer, reaching 2.12 days by January 2021; Moderate/early increasing (12.9% [95% CI = 12.2 to 13.6) with 2.13 mean March drinking days that increased in April and then plateaued, ending with 3.20 mean days in January 2021; and Near daily/early increasing (7.6% [95% CI = 7.0 to 8.2]) with 5.58 mean March drinking days that continued increasing without returning to baseline. Four drinking intensity trajectories were identified: Minimal/stable (85.8% [95% CI = 85.0% to 86.5%]) with <0.01 binge drinking probabilities throughout; Low-to-moderate/fluctuating (7.4% [95% CI = 6.8% to 8%]) with varying binge probabilities across timepoints (range:0.12 to 0.26); Moderate/mid increasing (4.2% [95% CI = 3.7% to 4.6%]) with 0.39 April binge drinking probability rising to 0.65 during August-September without returning to baseline; High/early increasing trajectory (2.7% [95% CI = 2.3% to 3%]) with 0.84 binge drinking probability rising to 0.96 by June without returning to baseline. Males, Whites, middle-aged/older adults, college degree recipients, those consistently working, and those above the poverty limit were overrepresented in various increasing (vs. minimal/stable) frequency trajectories. Males, Whites, nonmarried, those without college degree, 18 to 39-year-olds, and middle aged were overrepresented in increasing (vs. minimal/stable) intensity trajectories.
Several distinct U.S. adult sociodemographic subpopulations appear to have acquired new drinking patterns during the pandemic's first 42 weeks. Frequent alcohol use assessment in the COVID-19 era could improve personalized medicine and population health efforts to reduce drinking.
本研究描述了在 COVID-19 大流行的前 42 周内，具有不同饮酒轨迹的美国成年亚人群的流行率、饮酒模式和社会人口学特征。
在一项具有全国代表性的前瞻性纵向研究中，对 8130 名成年受访者进行了 21 次双周网络调查（2020 年 3 月至 2021 年 1 月）。在每个时间点评估过去一周的饮酒频率（饮酒天数[范围：0 至 7]）和强度（通常在过去一周饮酒日是否 binge 饮酒[是/否]）。增长混合模型根据平均过去一周的饮酒天数或 binge 饮酒的比例概率，确定了具有同质饮酒轨迹的多个亚人群。
确定了四种饮酒频率轨迹：最小/稳定（72.8%[95%CI=71.8%至 73.8%]，整个期间<1 个平均过去一周的饮酒天数；中度/晚减少（6.7%[95%CI=6.2%至 7.3]，3.13 个平均 3 月饮酒天数，夏季减少，到 2021 年 1 月降至 2.12 天；中度/早增加（12.9%[95%CI=12.2%至 13.6%]，2.13 个平均 3 月饮酒天数，4 月增加，然后趋于平稳，2021 年 1 月结束时平均 3.20 天；和近每日/早增加（7.6%[95%CI=7.0%至 8.2%]，5.58 个平均 3 月饮酒天数持续增加，没有恢复到基线。确定了四种饮酒强度轨迹：最小/稳定（85.8%[95%CI=85.0%至 86.5%]，整个期间<0.01 的 binge 饮酒概率；低至中度/波动（7.4%[95%CI=6.8%至 8%]，随时间变化的 binge 概率（范围：0.12 至 0.26）；中度/中度增加（4.2%[95%CI=3.7%至 4.6%]，4 月 binge 饮酒概率为 0.39，8 月至 9 月上升至 0.65，没有恢复到基线；高/早增加轨迹（2.7%[95%CI=2.3%至 3%]，0.84 的 binge 饮酒概率上升至 0.96，没有恢复到基线。男性、白人、中老年人、大学学历获得者、持续工作者和高于贫困线者在各种（与最小/稳定相比）增加的频率轨迹中占比过高。男性、白人、未婚、没有大学学历、18 至 39 岁和中年者在增加（与最小/稳定相比）的强度轨迹中占比过高。
在 COVID-19 大流行的前 42 周内，美国似乎出现了几个具有不同社会人口学特征的成年亚人群，他们出现了新的饮酒模式。在 COVID-19 时代，经常评估酒精使用情况，可以改善个性化医疗和改善人口健康的努力，以减少饮酒。
