Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstraße 3, Gatersleben, Seeland 06466, Germany.
German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstraße 4, Leipzig 04103, Germany.
Plant Cell Physiol. 2022 Nov 22;63(11):1540-1553. doi: 10.1093/pcp/pcac062.
Grain legumes were domesticated in parallel with cereals in several regions of the world and formed the economic basis of early farming cultures. Since then, legumes have played a vital role in human and animal diets and in fostering agrobiodiversity. Increasing grain legume cultivation will be crucial to safeguard nutritional security and the resilience of agricultural ecosystems across the globe. A better understanding of the molecular underpinnings of domestication and crop evolution of grain legumes may be translated into practical approaches in modern breeding programs to stabilize yield, which is threatened by evolving pathogens and changing climates. During recent decades, domestication research in all crops has greatly benefited from the fast progress in genomic technologies. Yet still, many questions surrounding the domestication and diversification of legumes remain unanswered. In this review, we assess the potential of genomic approaches in grain legume research. We describe the centers of origin and the crucial domestication traits of grain legumes. In addition, we survey the effect of domestication on both above-ground and below-ground traits that have economic importance. Finally, we discuss open questions in grain legume domestication and diversification and outline how to bridge the gap between the preservation of historic crop diversity and their utilization in modern plant breeding.
谷物豆类与谷物在世界上的几个地区同时被驯化，构成了早期农耕文化的经济基础。从那时起，豆类就在人类和动物的饮食中以及促进农业生物多样性方面发挥了至关重要的作用。增加谷物豆类的种植将是保障全球营养安全和农业生态系统恢复力的关键。更好地了解谷物豆类驯化和作物进化的分子基础，可以转化为现代育种计划中的实用方法，以稳定产量，而产量正受到不断进化的病原体和气候变化的威胁。在过去几十年中，所有作物的驯化研究都极大地受益于基因组技术的快速发展。然而，关于豆类的驯化和多样化仍有许多问题尚未得到解答。在这篇综述中，我们评估了基因组方法在谷物豆类研究中的潜力。我们描述了谷物豆类的起源中心和关键驯化特征。此外，我们还调查了驯化对具有经济重要性的地上和地下特征的影响。最后，我们讨论了谷物豆类驯化和多样化中的开放性问题，并概述了如何弥合历史作物多样性保护与现代植物育种利用之间的差距。
