Shirasawa Kenta, Kosugi Shunichi, Sasaki Kazuhiro, Ghelfi Andrea, Okazaki Koei, Toyoda Atsushi, Hirakawa Hideki, Isobe Sachiko
Kazusa DNA Research Institute Kisarazu Japan.
RIKEN Yokohama Japan.
Plant Direct. 2021 Oct 7;5(10):e352. doi: 10.1002/pld3.352. eCollection 2021 Oct.
Wild plants are often tolerant to biotic and abiotic stresses in their natural environments, whereas domesticated plants such as crops frequently lack such resilience. This difference is thought to be due to the high levels of genome heterozygosity in wild plant populations and the low levels of heterozygosity in domesticated crop species. In this study, common vetch () was used as a model to examine this hypothesis. The common vetch genome (2n = 14) was estimated as 1.8 Gb in size. Genome sequencing produced a reference assembly that spanned 1.5 Gb, from which 31,146 genes were predicted. Using this sequence as a reference, 24,118 single nucleotide polymorphisms were discovered in 1243 plants from 12 natural common vetch populations in Japan. Common vetch genomes exhibited high heterozygosity at the population level, with lower levels of heterozygosity observed at specific genome regions. Such patterns of heterozygosity are thought to be essential for adaptation to different environments. The resources generated in this study will provide insights into de novo domestication of wild plants and agricultural enhancement.
野生植物在其自然环境中通常能耐受生物和非生物胁迫，而诸如农作物等驯化植物往往缺乏这种恢复力。这种差异被认为是由于野生植物种群中基因组杂合度高，而驯化作物物种中杂合度低。在本研究中，以普通野豌豆（）作为模型来检验这一假设。普通野豌豆基因组（2n = 14）大小估计为1.8 Gb。基因组测序产生了一个跨度为1.5 Gb的参考组装序列，从中预测出31146个基因。以该序列为参考，在来自日本12个自然普通野豌豆种群的1243株植物中发现了24118个单核苷酸多态性。普通野豌豆基因组在种群水平上表现出高杂合度，在特定基因组区域观察到较低的杂合度。这种杂合度模式被认为对于适应不同环境至关重要。本研究中产生的资源将为野生植物的从头驯化和农业改良提供见解。
