Department of Biodiversity, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Limpopo, Private Bag X1106, Sovenga 0727, South Africa.
Cells. 2023 Aug 17;12(16):2082. doi: 10.3390/cells12162082.
Salinity stress affects plant growth and development by causing osmotic stress and nutrient imbalances through excess Na, K, and Cl ion accumulations that induce toxic effects during germination, seedling development, vegetative growth, flowering, and fruit set. However, the effects of salt stress on growth and development processes, especially in polyploidized leguminous plants, remain unexplored and scantly reported compared to their diploid counterparts. This paper discusses the physiological and molecular response of legumes towards salinity stress-based osmotic and ionic imbalances in plant cells. A multigenic response involving various compatible solutes, osmolytes, ROS, polyamines, and antioxidant activity, together with genes encoding proteins involved in the signal transduction, regulation, and response mechanisms to this stress, were identified and discussed. This discussion reaffirms polyploidization as the driving force in plant evolution and adaptation to environmental stress constraints such as drought, feverish temperatures, and, in particular, salt stress. As a result, thorough physiological and molecular elucidation of the role of gene duplication through induced autopolyploidization and possible mechanisms regulating salinity stress tolerance in grain legumes must be further studied.
盐胁迫通过过量的 Na+、K+和 Cl-离子积累导致渗透胁迫和营养失衡，从而影响植物的生长和发育，在种子萌发、幼苗发育、营养生长、开花和结实过程中产生毒性作用。然而，与二倍体相比，盐胁迫对生长和发育过程的影响，特别是在多倍体豆科植物中，仍未得到探索和广泛报道。本文讨论了豆类植物对基于渗透压和细胞离子失衡的盐胁迫的生理和分子响应。涉及各种相容性溶质、渗透剂、ROS、多胺和抗氧化活性的多基因反应，以及参与信号转导、调节和对这种胁迫的响应机制的基因编码蛋白，已被鉴定和讨论。这一讨论再次证实了多倍化是植物进化和适应环境胁迫（如干旱、高温，特别是盐胁迫）的驱动力。因此，必须进一步研究通过诱导同源多倍体化和可能调节粮食豆类耐盐性的机制，深入阐明基因复制的作用。
