School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang, Hunan 422000, P.R. China.
College of Chinese Medicine,Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, P.R. China.
Curr Med Chem. 2022;29(40):6141-6158. doi: 10.2174/0929867329666220511142817.
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a complex disease that mainly affects people over 50 years of age. Even though management of the vascularisation associated with the "wet" form of AMD is effective using anti-VEGF drugs, there is currently no treatment for the "dry" form of AMD. Given this, it is imperative to develop methods for disease prevention and treatment. For this review, we searched scientific articles via PubMed and Google Scholar, and considered the impact of nutrients, specific dietary patterns, and probiotics on the incidence and progression of AMD. Many studies revealed that regular consumption of foods that contain ω-3 fatty acids is associated with a lower risk for late AMD. Particular dietary patterns, such as the Mediterranean diet that contains ω-3 FAs-rich foods (nuts, olive oil, and fish), seem to be protective against AMD progression compared to Western diets that are rich in fats and carbohydrates. Furthermore, randomized controlled trials that investigated the role of nutrient supplementation in AMD have shown that treatment with antioxidants, such as lutein/zeaxanthin, zinc, and carotenoids, may be effective against AMD progression. More recent studies have investigated the association of the antioxidant properties of gut bacteria, such as Bacteroides and Eysipelotrichi, with lower AMD risk in individuals whose microbiota is enriched with them. These are promising fields of research that may yield the capacity to improve the quality of life for millions of people, allowing them to live with a clear vision for longer and avoiding the high cost of vision-saving surgery.
年龄相关性黄斑变性（AMD）是一种复杂的疾病，主要影响 50 岁以上的人群。尽管使用抗血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）药物可以有效治疗与“湿性”AMD 相关的血管生成，但目前尚无针对“干性”AMD 的治疗方法。鉴于此，开发疾病预防和治疗方法势在必行。在本次综述中，我们通过 PubMed 和 Google Scholar 搜索了科学文献，并考虑了营养素、特定饮食模式和益生菌对 AMD 的发生和进展的影响。许多研究表明，经常食用含有ω-3 脂肪酸的食物与晚期 AMD 的风险降低有关。与富含脂肪和碳水化合物的西方饮食相比，特定的饮食模式，如富含 ω-3 FAs 的地中海饮食（坚果、橄榄油和鱼类），似乎对 AMD 的进展具有保护作用。此外，研究营养素补充在 AMD 中的作用的随机对照试验表明，用抗氧化剂（如叶黄素/玉米黄质、锌和类胡萝卜素）治疗可能对 AMD 的进展有效。最近的研究还探讨了肠道细菌（如拟杆菌和真杆菌）的抗氧化特性与富含这些细菌的个体 AMD 风险降低之间的关联。这些是很有前途的研究领域，可能有能力提高数百万人的生活质量，使他们能够更长久地保持清晰的视力，避免高成本的视力保存手术。
