Department of Biochemical Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland.
Department of Neurodegeneration Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland.
Int J Mol Sci. 2022 May 9;23(9):5283. doi: 10.3390/ijms23095283.
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19), a disease that has affected more than 500 million people worldwide since the end of 2019. Due to its high complications and death rates, there is still a need to find the best therapy for SARS-CoV-2 infection. The dysregulation of the inflammatory response in COVID-19 plays a very important role in disease progression. It has been observed that abnormal activity of Nuclear Factor kappa B (NF-κB) is directly associated with, inter alia, increased synthesis of proinflammatory factors. Therefore, this review paper focuses on the functions of NF-κB in the development of SARS-CoV-2 infection and potential application of NF-κB inhibitors in COVID-19 immunotherapy. A comprehensive literature search was performed using the MEDLINE/PubMed database. In the current review, it is highlighted that NF-κB plays important functions in the modulation of an adaptive inflammatory response, including inducing the expression of proinflammatory genes. Increased activation of NF-κB in SARS-CoV-2 infection was observed. The association between NF-κB activation and the expression of SARS-CoV-2 structural and non-structural proteins were also reported. It was observed that modulation of NF-κB using, e.g., traditional Chinese medicine or glucocorticosteroids resulted in decreased synthesis of proinflammatory factors caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection. This review summarizes the role of NF-κB in COVID-19 and describes its potential immunotherapeutic target in treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, indisputably more studies involving patients with a severe course of COVID-19 are sorely needed.
严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒 2（SARS-CoV-2）引起的冠状病毒病 19（COVID-19）自 2019 年底以来在全球已影响超过 5 亿人。由于其高并发症和死亡率，仍然需要找到治疗 SARS-CoV-2 感染的最佳方法。COVID-19 中炎症反应的失调在疾病进展中起着非常重要的作用。已经观察到核因子 kappa B（NF-κB）的异常活性与包括促炎因子合成增加在内的多种因素直接相关。因此，本综述文章重点关注 NF-κB 在 SARS-CoV-2 感染发展中的功能以及 NF-κB 抑制剂在 COVID-19 免疫治疗中的潜在应用。使用 MEDLINE/PubMed 数据库进行了全面的文献检索。在目前的综述中，强调了 NF-κB 在调节适应性炎症反应中发挥重要作用，包括诱导促炎基因的表达。在 SARS-CoV-2 感染中观察到 NF-κB 的过度激活。还报道了 NF-κB 激活与 SARS-CoV-2 结构和非结构蛋白表达之间的关联。观察到使用例如中药或糖皮质激素调节 NF-κB 会导致由 SARS-CoV-2 感染引起的促炎因子合成减少。本综述总结了 NF-κB 在 COVID-19 中的作用，并描述了其在治疗 SARS-CoV-2 感染中的潜在免疫治疗靶标。然而，无可争议地，需要更多涉及 COVID-19 严重病程患者的研究。
