Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Applied Sciences in Tarnow, 33-100 Tarnów, Poland.
ICU, Health Care Centre in Pinczow, 28-400 Pińczów, Poland.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 May 3;19(9):5539. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19095539.
Contemporary healthcare faces new challenges and expectations from society. The profession of a nurse, as well as a paramedic, is essential for the efficient functioning of healthcare. It has its importance not only in promoting and preserving health but also in prevention. With the increasing importance of providing medical care at the highest level, it is expected of these two professional groups to have more knowledge and skills than a few years earlier. The daily contact with patients and their families, the low level of control of the environment, the hierarchical system of professional dependence, and the dissatisfaction with remuneration are becoming extremely burdensome aspects of the nursing and paramedic professions. Long-term exposure to stressors associated with these medical professions may, in the long term, lead to the emergence of occupational burnout syndrome. The aim of this study is an attempt to answer the question of whether and how stress factors affect the occurrence of occupational burnout in the work of nurses and paramedics working in various medical entities.
The study covered a group of 434 respondents, including 220 nurses and 214 paramedics, working professionally in hospital departments and care and treatment facilities as well as in hospital emergency departments and ambulance services. The study was carried out using a diagnostic survey based on the questionnaire technique using the authors' questionnaire and the standardized MBI Ch. Maslach. Two statistical values were used to statistically analyze the research results and verify the adopted hypotheses: the chi-square test and the Student's -test.
The current study showed that the phenomenon of occupational burnout among the studied group affects only nurses, while this problem does not apply to the studied paramedics. The main stressor among the nurses and paramedics is, above all, a very high level of responsibility. Nurses are overburdened by excessive demands and shift work, while paramedics are mostly burdened by an excess of duties. Both nurses and paramedics claim that their work is often stressful, which leads to physical and mental exhaustion.
当代医疗保健面临着来自社会的新挑战和新期望。护士和护理员这两种职业对于医疗保健的有效运作至关重要。他们的重要性不仅体现在促进和保护健康方面，还体现在预防方面。随着对提供最高水平医疗保健的重视程度不断提高，人们期望这两个专业群体拥有比几年前更多的知识和技能。他们与患者及其家属的日常接触、环境控制水平低、专业依赖的层级系统以及对薪酬的不满，这些都成为护理和护理员这两个职业极其沉重的负担。长期暴露于与这些医疗职业相关的压力源可能会导致职业倦怠综合征的出现。本研究的目的是尝试回答以下问题：压力因素是否以及如何影响在不同医疗单位工作的护士和护理员的职业倦怠的发生。
该研究涵盖了 434 名受访者，包括 220 名护士和 214 名护理员，他们分别在医院各科室、护理和治疗机构以及医院急诊部门和救护服务机构从事专业工作。研究采用基于问卷调查的诊断性调查，使用作者的问卷和标准化的 MBI Ch. Maslach。为了对研究结果进行统计分析并验证所采用的假设，使用了两个统计值：卡方检验和学生 t 检验。
目前的研究表明，职业倦怠现象在研究组中仅影响护士，而这一问题不适用于研究中的护理员。护士和护理员的主要压力源首先是非常高的责任感。护士的工作负担过重，轮班工作时间长，而护理员的工作负担主要是职责过多。护士和护理员都声称他们的工作压力很大，这导致了身体和精神上的疲惫。
