Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Maggiore della Carità University Hospital, 28100 Novara, Italy.
Nutritional Science and Dietetic, Maggiore della Carità University Hospital, 28100 Novara, Italy.
Nutrients. 2022 Apr 19;14(9):1687. doi: 10.3390/nu14091687.
The Mediterranean Diet (MD) is a healthy dietary pattern, demonstrated to reduce the risk of cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, and early death. The Mediterranean Adequacy Index (MAI) is used to measure adherence to the MD in perspective studies in the general population and correlates with cardiovascular events. The aim of this study was to calculate the MAI among patients with advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD) and correlate it with traditional uremic, microbiota-derived, and proatherogenic toxins as well as nutritional status, quality of life, and cardiovascular events. A total of 60 adult patients with advanced CKD were enrolled and their MAI was calculated. According to the median value, patients were divided into lower (l-MAI, <1.80) and higher (h-MAI, ≥1.80) MAI groups. Biochemical parameters, microbiota-derived and proatherogenic toxins (p-Cresyl sulphate, Indoxyl-sulphate, and Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2), nutritional status, quality of life, and cardiovascular events that occurred in the previous three years were recorded. The mean value of the MAI was 2.78 ± 2.86. The MAI was significantly higher in foreigners (median (IQR) 6.38 (8.98) vs. 1.74 (1.67), p < 0.001) and diabetic patients. The l-MAI and h-MAI groups had similar routinary blood, p-Cresyl-sulphate, Indoxyl-sulphate, and Lp-PLA2 as well as nutritional status and quality of life parameters. The MAI was not associated with previous cardiovascular events and did not correlate with cardiovascular events in CKD patients. New and nephro-tailored indexes are warranted to evaluate nutritional therapy in CKD patients.
地中海饮食（MD）是一种健康的饮食模式，已被证明可降低癌症、糖尿病、心血管和神经退行性疾病以及早逝的风险。地中海充足度指数（MAI）用于衡量一般人群中对 MD 的依从性，并与心血管事件相关。本研究旨在计算晚期慢性肾脏病（CKD）患者的 MAI，并将其与传统尿毒症、微生物群衍生、促动脉粥样硬化毒素以及营养状况、生活质量和心血管事件相关联。共纳入 60 名晚期 CKD 成年患者，并计算其 MAI。根据中位数值，将患者分为低 MAI（l-MAI，<1.80）和高 MAI（h-MAI，≥1.80）组。记录生化参数、微生物群衍生和促动脉粥样硬化毒素（对甲酚硫酸盐、吲哚硫酸盐和脂蛋白相关磷脂酶 A2）、营养状况、生活质量以及前三年发生的心血管事件。MAI 的平均值为 2.78 ± 2.86。外国人（中位数（IQR）6.38（8.98）比 1.74（1.67），p < 0.001）和糖尿病患者的 MAI 明显更高。l-MAI 和 h-MAI 组的常规血液、p-对甲酚硫酸盐、吲哚硫酸盐和 Lp-PLA2 以及营养状况和生活质量参数相似。MAI 与先前的心血管事件无关，与 CKD 患者的心血管事件也不相关。需要新的和针对肾脏的指标来评估 CKD 患者的营养治疗。
